How to apply fertilizer outside wheat roots

In the later stages of wheat growth, the root system begins to age, leading to a decline in nutrient absorption capacity. At this point, the efficiency of root fertilization drops significantly, and certain nutrients like phosphorus often become deficient. To maintain optimal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, it's essential to extend the functional period of the leaves, prevent early aging, enhance photosynthesis, and ultimately improve grain yield and quality. Top-dressing not only compensates for the reduced root absorption but also allows direct foliar application of nutrients, which can be more efficient and effective. Additionally, it helps avoid over-application of nitrogen, which can lead to delayed maturity. The type of fertilizer used for top-dressing should be determined based on both weather conditions and crop status—often referred to as "looking at the sky and looking at the field." When choosing the right time, it's best to apply foliar fertilizers on windless, sunny days for maximum effectiveness. It's also advisable to combine foliar feeding with disease and pest control measures for better results. From the heading stage to the milk-filling stage, if the wheat shows yellowing leaves or signs of premature aging, the focus should be on applying nitrogen-based fertilizers. Spraying 50–60 kg per mu of a 1%–2% urea solution or a 2%–4% ammonium sulfate solution can significantly boost yield. Typically, 1–2 applications can increase production by 5%–10%, and in high-yield fields, up to 20%. In high-yielding wheat fields without signs of premature aging, nitrogen top-dressing is usually unnecessary. Similarly, if there's a risk of late maturity, nitrogen should be avoided. In these cases, spraying a 0.2%–0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 5% turfgrass ash water (50–60 kg per mu) can still provide a noticeable yield increase. Tests show that 1–3 grams of grain weight can be added, resulting in a 5% or higher increase, and up to 15% in high-yield scenarios. For phosphorus-deficient fields with excess nitrogen, applying a 2%–4% superphosphate solution or a 0.2%–0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (50–60 kg per acre) can help improve grain filling and increase 1000-grain weight. In medium and low-yield fields, a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus sprays has proven very effective in promoting grain development and delaying senescence. It’s important to monitor the weather forecast. If dry hot winds are expected, regardless of the wheat field type, it's crucial to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate or ash water immediately to protect against heat stress and reduce damage.

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