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How to apply fertilizer outside wheat roots
In the later stages of wheat growth, the roots begin to age, and their ability to absorb nutrients decreases significantly. At this point, the efficiency of root fertilization is low, and certain nutrients like phosphorus often become deficient. To maintain healthy plant development, it's crucial to ensure adequate levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This helps extend the functional period of the leaves, prevents early aging, enhances photosynthesis, and ultimately improves both grain yield and quality.
Top-dressing at this stage not only compensates for the reduced root absorption but also allows for foliar application, where fertilizer is sprayed directly onto the leaves. This method can effectively prevent late-stage nitrogen overuse, which may lead to delayed maturity. It’s a cost-effective and efficient way to boost productivity.
When choosing the type of fertilizer for top-dressing, farmers should "look at the sky and observe the field." "Looking at the sky" means considering weather conditions—spraying should be done on windless, sunny days for best results. Fertilizer application can also be combined with disease and pest control. "Looking at the field" involves assessing soil fertility, the growth stage of the wheat, and its visual appearance to determine the right type and amount of fertilizer.
From the heading stage to the milk ripening stage, if the leaves appear yellow or show signs of premature aging, nitrogen-based fertilizers are usually needed. Applying 50–60 kg per acre of a 1%–2% urea solution or a 2%–4% ammonium sulfate solution can significantly increase yield. Spraying once or twice typically boosts production by 5%–10%, and in high-yield areas, even up to 20%.
In high-yielding fields that don’t show signs of early aging, nitrogen top-dressing is generally unnecessary. Similarly, fields prone to late maturation should avoid excessive nitrogen. In these cases, spraying a 0.2%–0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 5% turfgrass ash water at 50–60 kg per mu can still improve yields. Field tests have shown an average increase in grain weight of 1–3 grams, with yield gains of over 5%, and up to 15% in high-yield areas.
For wheat fields deficient in phosphorus but with excess nitrogen, applying a 2%–4% superphosphate solution or a 0.2%–0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at 50–60 kg per acre can help improve grain filling and increase the 1000-grain weight. In medium and low-yield fields, a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus sprays has proven very effective in promoting grain development and delaying senescence.
Farmers should closely monitor weather forecasts. If dry hot winds are expected, it's essential to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate or ash water immediately, regardless of the field type. This practice helps protect the crop from heat stress and supports better grain development.