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High temperatures cause damage to rice mainly from July to August. During this period, rice gradually entered the jointing stage, panicle differentiation stage, booting stage, and heading flowering stage. The daily maximum temperature of 2 days or more and 35°C or higher is considered as the high temperature index. The probability of rice high temperature hazards may occur throughout the province, with 1 to 2 occurrences in 10 years in the coastal areas, and 2 to 3 occurrences in 10 years in the Xuhuai region. In the hilly area, there were 3 to 4 cases in 10 years; in the Lixiahe area, there were 3 cases in 10 years. Among them, the hilly areas in the northwestern part of southern Jiangsu Province are areas where rice high-temperature hazards occur frequently. The probability of occurrence from late July to early August is 6 years in 7 years, and the high temperatures in many years can last more than 7 days; in the middle and mid-July, in August There is also high temperature in the middle of the year, with an average of 3 to 4 cases in 10 years.
To prevent high-temperature hazards, one is to breed high-temperature resistant varieties and select early-flowering varieties in the morning to avoid high-temperature hazards during flowering. Rice usually flourishes at 10 to 12 o'clock in the morning, and during the summer high temperature days, the temperature may rise above 35 oC from 11 am to 12 o'clock in the morning. Early blooms are less harmful due to high temperatures. The second is based on the characteristics of the variety, select the appropriate planting period, adjust the flowering period, avoiding high temperatures. Third, the application of cultivation measures to reduce the high temperature hazards, deepwater irrigation in paddy fields at high temperatures, day irrigation night row. Muddy and good growing rice fields can be filled with water before 11 a.m. and drained at 2 to 3 p.m., adjusting the temperature and humidity during high temperature periods around noon. It has been determined that the temperature of panicles in irrigation rice fields is 1.5°C lower and the relative humidity is 12% higher. If necessary, after the rice is closed at noon, 200-250 kg of water per acre is sprayed, generally the temperature can be lowered by 1 22°C, the humidity can be increased by 10% 115%, and can be maintained for 1 22 hours.
High temperature hazards and defense measures
High temperature hazards occur at the flowering filling stage of rice. The effect of high temperature on flowering was most significant 1 to 2 days before flowering, especially the day before flowering. In the flowering period, if the temperature exceeds 35°C for 1 hour, it will cause highly infertile spikelets. Hazards mainly occur during high temperatures during the day, and temperatures above 33°C during nighttime can also cause reduced fertility. The high temperature will also reduce the photosynthesis ability of plants, inhibit the operation of organic materials, increase the consumption of assimilate, accelerate the aging of cell tissues, and enable the early accumulation of nutrient accumulation ability of grains. In the filling period, when the temperature is above 35°C, it is often cooked at high temperature. The rice roots have premature aging, the ability to absorb nutrients is weakened, the leaf function is reduced, the semi-solid particles and pods are increased, and the 1000-grain weight is reduced. According to the experiment, the initial stage of paddy rice processing at 35 °C temperature for 5 days, the fertility rate decreased by 10 to 15 percentage points, 1000-grain weight decreased by 0.42 to 1.85 grams. In general, japonica rice has higher temperature resistance than indica rice; at temperatures above 35°C, the higher the temperature or the longer the duration, the greater the effect on seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight.