Cultivation Techniques of Gardenia in Ningxia

枸杞 is Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, alias leeks, taro, etc., rich in protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, a variety of vitamins, to fruit medicine, there is nourishing yin and kidney, qi and nerves, physical fitness, anti-aging effects Can treat diabetes, chronic hepatitis, tuberculosis and other diseases. Ningxia wolfberry (Ningjing No. 1 and Ningjing No. 2) are planted in the northern region, and the yield of dried fruits is about 250 kg. Calculated at 16 yuan per kilogram, the income is about 4,000 yuan per 667 square meters, which is a good way for farmers to get rich.
First, the selection of soil preparation site does not require strict soil, drought resistance, thin, salt, sand. In order to obtain high quality and high yields, it is advisable to plant sandy loam (having a pH of around 8.0) near the water source. After the autumn crops are harvested, 5,000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters in combination with 100 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizers, more than 30 cm of plough depth, land is leveled, and frozen water is poured. Before sowing in the spring, shallow ploughing is done to make a flat 1m wide, and it is better to go from north to south.
Second, the breeding method 枸杞 strong breeding ability, available seeds, cuttings, bred propagation. (1) Seed propagation: After harvesting, mature fruits are dried in the autumn and stored in a dry and frozen room. By mid-February the following year, the fruit is crushed, the peel is washed off, and the seeds are selected and mixed with 2 times fine sand. Piled up in a cold room, turning frequently, keeping moist, sowing in late March. (B) Cutting propagation: Cutting propagation is the main method of planting earthworms in areas north of the Yangtze River. Can be cut in March, choose the annual leggy or strong branches, cut into 10 ~ 15cm long cuttings, with 3 ~ 5 buds, cut into the lower end of the slope, according to the spacing of 10cm, row spacing 20cm into the seedbed soil, The insertion depth is about two-thirds of the cuttings, 2 per hole, and covered with a small arch shed. The temperature of the shed is controlled above 12°C, the surface is kept moist, and it can take root after 10 days. It should keep the soil moist after survival. . When the plant height is 1m, there are 4 fibrous roots to be planted, and about 250 plants per 667m2 are planted. The plant spacing is 1.2 to 1.5m, and the row spacing is 1.8 to 2.0m. The ridge planting and planting can be done. (c) Breeding: It is advisable to transplant tillage seedlings at a level of 3 to 7 cm from the mother plant.
Third, field management (a) cultivator weeding: a year should be cultivating weeding 5 to 6 times, depth 7 ~ 10cm. Two times a year, the garden should be turned over to enhance soil permeability and conservation and promote root development. The first time in early spring in April, the depth is 13cm, and the second time in late October, the depth is 20-25cm. (2) Fertilizer irrigation: Envy of excessive humidity and poor drainage. Drought will affect its growth and results. It should be watered in a timely manner. If drought occurs after spring, every 10 to 15 days irrigation, once during fruit picking, each fruit must be filled with water once or twice. During the rainy season, the water should be drained in time. Before freezing, it is necessary to water the winter water. In mid-November, at the rate of 2000kg per (667m2), open an annular groove on one side of the tree, apply a decomposed manure fertilizer, etc., and cover the soil and water after application. In the period from May to June in the fruiting period of flowering, apply nitrogen fertilizer 2 to 3 times. Apply 50 to 100 grams of urea, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate to each plant and immediately apply water. (c) pruning pruning: annual scorpion, set the height of 50 ~ 60cm, cut off the top, in the cut under the 4 ~ 5cm place, choose to leave 3 ~ 5 uniform distribution, robust and robust bar as the main branch; biennial cricket, The main branch stays 30 to 40cm long, and the collateral stays 20cm. Other voided branches stay 8 to 10cm to form the first layer of crown; For three years or more, the main branch leaves 40 to 50cm, the branches on the side branch, 20 to 30cm, and the side branches. Leave a bar every 15cm, the height of the tree does not exceed 1.5m, and the diameter of the canopy does not exceed 1.5m. After molding, it is necessary to frequently cut off dead, sick, and weak branches to maintain a tree with high yield and stable yield.
Disease prevention and control Aphid resistance is relatively strong, and pests and diseases rarely occur. The diseases of earthworms mainly include black fruit disease and root rot. In the early stage of the onset of the black-and-white disease, Bordeaux's solution can be sprayed from 1:120 to 160, 50% wet extinguishable 1000-fold liquid or 65% wettable agent-zinc zinc 500 times, and sprayed once every 7-10 days. Root rot. At the early stage of disease, 50% of carbendazim can be used to control the roots with 1000-1500 times, or the diseased plants can be removed immediately and the soil around the diseased plants can be disinfected with lime. Insect pests mainly include fly flies and cockroaches. When the fruit fly is damaged, it can be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon 800 times or 40% dimethoate 1500 times. It can also pick the diseased fruit and concentrate it deeply. To prevent the occurrence of earthworms, when spring leaves, use 40 times. % Dimethoate EC 1000 to 1500 times spray, once every 10 days for 3 to 4 consecutive times.
V. Harvesting of fruits The cuttings are generally harvested 50 to 60 days after the cutting (from mid-June to early August). When picking, light harvesting, fruit storage thickness is not more than 5 ~ 10cm, just picked fresh fruit, two days should not be exposed to strong light at noon, can not turn by hand to prevent rupture, should be dried to skin wrinkles, and then exposed To the hard dry skin, pulp soft.
Author unit: Linwei County Bureau of Agriculture, Lintou County, Shantou Town, Guocha Station

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