Greenhouse tomato cultivation techniques

Cultivation Techniques

1. Cultivation of age-appropriate seedlings

Strong seedlings standard: plant height 20 cm, 8 to 9 true leaves, internode shorter, stem 0.5 to 0.7 cm, stems are purple, leaves thick, deep color, roots developed, 80% with big buds, seedling age 75 Days or so.

(1) Seed processing

General greenhouse spring tomato cultivation was planted on April 15th and calculated in advance. About 1 month soaking seed germination, for the prevention of virus disease, first soaked with water after 15 minutes to clean. Then use warm soup soaking. Soak in warm water for 6-8 hours. Germination temperature 25 °C, can be 20% below the first 1 to 2 hours, after the high 25 °C, after budding and then slightly lower 2 ~ 3 °C. 50% germination, ready for sowing.

(2) bed and soil ratio

3 pieces of horse dung, 3 pieces of peat, 2 pieces of dust, 2 pieces of soil, plus 1 to 1.5 kg of diammonium phosphate per cubic meter.

(3) sowing

Planting in the greenhouse at the end of January and early February generally should be advanced in advance. Seeding rate for seedlings is 15g/m3, 600-750g per hectare. The soil was covered with medicine under sowing. Use broadcast or drill.

(4) Seedling management

After sowing, cover the mulch on the bed to keep it moist. During the day, the room temperature is maintained at 25-28°C, nighttime at 15-18°C, and the ground temperature at 20-22°C. After emergence, the mulch is removed in the evening. Transplant in 2 true leaves, no less than 50% to 60% of manure or peat in earthwork or nutrient soil, 20% of pig manure, 20% of field soil, and 1.5 to 2 kg/m3 of diammonium phosphate. And made into 8 cm 8 cm to 10 cm 10 cm earth or nutrient bowl. 26 to 28% during the daytime and 12 to 20°C at night. After easing the seedlings, they are transferred to normal management, during the day, from 23 to 25°C, from 12 to 15°C at night, and no less than 10°C. Can be used in the middle and late foliar fertilizer spray, fertilizer can also be used water. When seedlings grow unevenly, they can fall.

2. Colonization

(1) Early buckle sheds, fine lands, multiple fertilization

It is best to buckle over the winter shed. Spring sheds should be rushed early, no later than in early March. The soil is thawed and deep-soiled. The soil is applied to 75000 to 112,500 kg of applied fertilizer per hectare, and 3175 to 4500 kg of diammonium is added. The width is 1 to 1.2 meters wide; it can be covered with a plastic film.

(2) timely colonization

In the greenhouse, soil temperature of 10 cm can be stabilized above 10°C. The general spring shed single-storey April 15-17, double-storey April 10-14, three-story shed April 5-10, wintering sheds covered in late March to early April.

Row spacing is 33 cm and 50 cm, and 60000 seedlings are kept. The other species is 1 meter long, with a 45-centimeter spacing, a 55-centimeter spacing between the rows, a 28-cm spacing between the rows, and 70,500 Mu. Depth to the earth's 1/4 is appropriate, pouring enough water, 4 to 5 days after the seedlings watering, and gradually soil into ridge.

3. Management after planting

(1) Temperature

During the period of planting after planting, the temperature of the greenhouse is increased by the temperature of the greenhouse, in order to facilitate the easing of the seedlings, that is, no ventilation is closed, and the temperature of the shed may not exceed 35° C. within 3 to 5 days. Ridging after easing the seedlings, 22 to 26°C during the day and 15 to 18°C ​​at night. At this time, according to the outside temperature and the temperature of the shed, ventilation can be gradually started. After the first small, large, first up and down. After the walnuts of the first panicle are large, the temperature is raised to 25-28°C during the day and 18-20°C at night, and the temperature rises to 30°C when the fruit is whitish. In the middle of June, there was a strong wind.

(2) Irrigation

When easing the seedlings, the seedlings should be poured with a waking seedling, and during this period, the loose soil should be strengthened so as to increase the ground temperature. The first fruit is generally not watered before sitting on the first fruit, and the first fruit is poured into a large water when it grows to the size of the walnut. After the 2nd and 3rd spikes are sitting, they are each filled with water once to promote fruit enlargement, but after each watering, the sheds should be closed to increase the temperature of the shed above 30°C, and then be ventilated and ventilated in time to prevent high humidity and high temperature. Cause the occurrence and prevalence of diseases.

(3) Dressing

Tomatoes have a large amount of growth and a long period of time. They need to be top-dressed several times in a timely manner. Generally limited-growth types are early-maturing varieties. Early recovery, diligent chase, and little chase are the key factors on a sufficient basis of the base fertilizer, so that the plants have more assimilation before the results. area. Infinite growth type varieties, the results should not be too large before the top dressing, so as to avoid the leaves and leaves to grow, should go to the first and second inflorescence can only be dressing. Top-dressing grasps the principle of "two less and more in the middle". The first topdressing can be carried out after easing the seedlings. The second top-dressing was carried out in the first inflorescence fruit, walnut, and the second inflorescence fruit set, followed by ammonium nitrate 220-300 kg/ha. This top-dressing promoted the rapid enlargement of the lower fruit, promoted the upper flowering and enhanced the early yield. The third dressing is carried out after sitting on the third panicle fruit. This time, the amount should be increased to supplement the consumption of base fertilizer. Nitramine is generally required to be 375-450 kg/ha in order to prevent premature aging and promote fruit enlargement. The fourth top-dressing can be carried out when the fourth and fifth fronds are flowering. The main effect is to promote the enlargement and ripening of the later fruits. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization to tomato was 1:1:2. Phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer, potassium fertilizer can be 1/2 to 1/3 as the base fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer 1/3 to 1/4 as the base fertilizer.

(4) Pruning

Generally more than one single stem pruning, timely removal of side branches. When the height is 25 centimeters, the vines are inserted and tied every 3 leaves. Spring sheds are often cultivated with 3 spikelets, leaving 2-3 leaves on the ear. The lower old leaves, diseased leaves and yellow leaves can be removed for ventilation and light transmission.

(5) Flower protection

Falling and falling of tomatoes in spring greenhouses is more common and one of the important reasons affecting early production. There are many causes of falling flowers, such as malnutrition, lack of light, lack of water, and excessive humidity. However, it is mainly caused by low temperatures. It can be treated with chemicals to preserve the fruit. The current use of the main agent is tomato spirit 2.4-D; 2.4-D products are generally 5% of the product, the use of the concentration is generally used according to the instructions, diluted with the appropriate red dye, can avoid repeated use.

Another kind of flower protection and fruit protection agent is tomato spirit, the use concentration is 30 mg/kg, the product is a tablet, a piece of medicine is added with 2 to 3 kilograms of water, sprayed with a water sprayer, and the processing time is 8 to 10 o'clock in the morning. Within 2 days, otherwise it is invalid.

4. Harvest and ripening

In order to enable the tomatoes in the greenhouse to be marketed in the morning, improving the results of the previous period is the main measure to increase economic income. Ethephon can be used to ripen.

(1) Fruit picking after harvest

The fruit in the discoloration phase was removed, and the fruits were soaked in 2000-4000 mg/L ethephon solution for 1 minute, drained, and allowed to turn red in advance at room temperature (20 to 25°C). To grasp the temperature and time, otherwise it will affect the quality too early or too late.

(2) Apply fruit or spray on the plants

When the tomato fruit grows large enough, it can be applied or sprayed with 2000-4000 mg/L ethephon to facilitate premature ripening.

Pest Control

1 symptoms

The disease often varies slightly due to different ages and developmental stages of the plant. In the production, the tomato is sown in the contaminated soil, and the seed cannot germinate due to the infection by the knock-out bacteria, becomes soft and pastey, and later becomes brown or shrinks and finally disintegrates. After the germination of the seed, the initial infestation spot appeared as a water-soaked browning. After the expansion, the victim cell collapsed and soon died. Both of the above-mentioned infections occurred before the soil was excavated, and were known as plucking or rotten seedlings before emergence. The seed diseases that occur in the soil are invisible to everyone and can only be judged to be stumbled from the lack of seedlings. The knock-out disease of the excavated seedlings occurs at the base of the stems of the seedlings on the roots or on the surface of the soil and becomes brownish in water. The diseased part collapses and loses its supporting ability. The seedlings collapse on the ground and quickly wilting, which is called after unearthing. The tripping disease.

2. Control methods

(1) Promote the use of modern methods of seedling raising such as nutrition, earthless seedlings or plug seedlings, which can greatly reduce the occurrence and harm of damping off. Seedlings with nutrients, every 667m2 needs seedbed 20-25 m2, 1.2m wide, 10-15cm deep and 15-20m long. Seedbed 40 to 50 square meters. The nutrient soil preparation requires the selection of high-quality pastoral soil and fully decomposed chicken manure, prepared according to 7:3, adding 1 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of plant ash, and 95% of hymexazol 50 g or 54.5% of odor per cubic meter of nutrient soil. Ten grams of WP can be mixed well with the nutrient soil and then put into a nutrient bowl or seedling tray to prevent dampening. At present, many nutrient-based soil preparations mainly include carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl. These two fungicides are used to control fusarium wilt and have no effect on damping-off. Formula 2: It is also advisable to mix 6 parts of Datian soil and 4 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, and mix 50 kg of nutritious soil with 53% of fine amazan Mn-Zn water dispersible granules of 20 g and add 2.5% of fludioxonil suspension 10 ml. After the sieving, it is loaded into a nutritional seedling. Can also be spread on seedlings nursery.

(2) Seed treatment. Planting Taiwanese Virgin, Asian Vegetable No.6, 5-7 grams per 667 square meters, 15-17 grams of Jingdan No.2, 3 to 4 days before sowing, using 25% fludioxonil suspension 10 ml After adding 3 ml of metalaxyl seed dressing 2 ml, 180 ml of water to coat 4 kg of tomato, eggplant or melon seeds can effectively prevent damping-off and damping-off, seedling anthracnose, and root rot and other seedling diseases. happened.

(3) Strengthen seedbed management. After sowing, take a small shed on the seedbed to prevent rain and moisture. After sowing, the seedling temperature during the daytime seedling temperature 28 ~ 30 °C, 24 ~ 25 °C at night, 80% of the shoots of the top soil when removing the film, and to prevent nutrients cracking the topsoil and cotyledons unearthed. Qi Miao to two true leaf stage appropriate to reduce the seedbed temperature, during the day 20 ~ 25 °C, 15 ~ 18 °C at night, to prevent leggy, and pay attention to clear diseased seedlings. If necessary, spread out 1 to 2 times fine fluvo-aquic soil on the cotyledons and before the first true leaves are unfolded, with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. 3 to 4 pieces of real leaf period to dilute the nutrients, during the day 22 ~ 26 °C, at night to maintain 15 ~ 18 °C, do not do not water, dry when pouring small water, and pay attention to ventilation and loose wet.

(4) In the initial stage of onset of spraying, 3% Hydra Mildio Alpha Cream 600 times liquid or 95% Hymexazol Fine 3500 times liquid, 0.5% Aminooligosaccharide water, 500 times liquid, 53% fine amazan MnZn aqueous dispersion 500 times solution.

Fresh Orange

Fresh Oranges Valencia,Fresh Oranges Navel Orange,Fresh Orange Egypt,Fresh Orange Vending

Laiwu Manhing Vegetables Fruits Corporation , https://www.manhingfood.com