Loofah, also known as Tarragon, is an annual climbing herb for the Cucurbitaceae. Served with tender melons, the long supply period is one of the summer and autumn fruit dishes. After being matured and peeled and seeded, it becomes loofah. According to ancient Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: Loofah is a good medicine, long-term use can promote skin metabolism, elasticity, but also eliminate fatigue, refreshing beauty has a significant effect, the best-selling products overseas. Because of the high quality requirements for processing export products, and the corresponding cultivation techniques, high-quality and high-yield products can be achieved. After years of production practices of loofah cultivation, the main cultivation techniques are introduced. First, planting seedlings 1, seedbed preparation. The loofah seedbed should be selected as a nursery for sheltering from the sun and sunlight for a long period of time. The base seed fertilizer should be applied 10-15 days ahead of time. The organic fertilizer should be used as the decomposer, and the soil must be prepared before 1 to 3 days before sowing. Hey. And cover the film well, to be sown. 2, sowing. Luffa should be sown at the end of March and early April. (1) Using soaking to germinate, first planting the seeds for 2 to 3 days, soaking in warm water for about 6 hours (subject to full absorption of seeds), then put the seeds into the incubator to germinate, and then the seed buds can be sown and exposed to nutritioné’µ or inside the square. (2) Direct sowing with dry seeds in the pods or squares, cover the mulch in time, and build a small shed to facilitate early emergence. It is required that the seedbed must be kept moist to prevent the emergence of seedlings due to lack of water resistance. 3, seedbed management. After sowing, we must pay close attention to seedbed management. Before the emergence of the seedlings, the temperature within the seedbed membrane is preferably maintained at 20-30°C. Seeds soaked with germination can emerge in 2 to 3 days. Seeds of dry seeds can be sown in about 6 to 7 days. After emergence, the pre-temperature is low, and the seedling age is small. In order to keep warm and prevent freezing, in the middle and later periods, with the increase of temperature and the increase of seedling age, ventilation and hardening seedlings should be the mainstay. Ventilation and cultivation of seedlings can be conducted flexibly depending on the temperature, and low or low temperatures can be avoided. The high temperatures on sunny days must be uncovered and ventilated, and the air volume should be increased from small to large, and the ventilation volume should be gradually increased. It can be kept for 2 or 3 days before transplanting. . Second, fixed-point transplantation Transplanting is generally controlled around April 20 (Gu Yu). When seedlings grow 1 to 2 true leaves, they can be transplanted with soil. 7 to 10 days before transplanting, sufficient basal fertilizer should be applied to the transplanted bedding. Each person has 20 kg of animal manure, 50-75 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 15-20 kg of potash fertilizer. After the fertilization, the land is ploughed in time and the soil is refined. Fat back type, spray herbicide, cover the film to be transplanted. The loofah planting density is suitable for about 500 plants/mu. The row spacing is 3 meters and the plant spacing is 0.4-0.5 meters. Third, the introduction of rattan Loofah can be racked after being planted. Shelving stands 1.5m× 1.5m from the pole and stands 2m high. The roof is woven into squares with bamboo, lead wire or rope. Shelvings should be solid and strong enough to withstand the weight of fresh melons and typhoons. When the rattan grows to 2.5 meters or more, it can be ratified. When vines are put on shelves, regardless of the length of melon vines, the melon vines on the shelves should go hand in hand, which will help the melon vines to stretch on the shelves. After the melon vines are put on the shelf, they should be regularly raked and the melon vines should be evenly distributed on the shelves. IV. Melon management According to the real-time period of loofah knots, it can be divided into melons, loofahs, and melons. Loofahs usually start flowering in the middle or late June. From flowering to ripening and picking, Meigua 45 to 50 days, Fugua 35 to 40 days, autumn melon about 50 days. In order to achieve "three melon knots, early melons, high quality loofah", in the cultivation should focus on the following aspects: 1. After emasculation and flowering vines are put on the shelf, they must be continuously pruned and the appropriate number of male flowers must be removed. In general, only one main vine should be kept per loofah, and other lateral branches and buds should be removed at any time. Loofah is a male and female flower with the same node, and there are many male flowers. To reduce the consumption of nutrients, more than 70% of male buds can be removed in time, and the buds on the node should be avoided when the male buds are removed. 2, Uguai go to the bad melons of each loofah in different stages of the melon only choose to retain 1 to 2 melons, choose to leave high-quality melons of the young melon to be up and down symmetry, bar straight, stalks are not slender, at the same time in In the first few places of the small melons that he chose to stay, he left a young melon to compete for nutrients. When the selected quality of the melon is long enough to not break, remove the small melon before it. The melons must not be allowed to rest on the top of the rack. They should be put down in a timely manner. If the melon shape is bowed, it must be straightened by hand (a small stone can be hung on the flower pedicle). 3. Reasonable application of fertilizing topdressing has an important effect on fruit set and full expansion of loofah. The application time, number of times and dosage of topdressing may depend on the growth of loofah and the amount of fruiting nectar. When the length of first larvae grows to more than 4cm The first application of fertilizer must be applied. Mushi pure nitrogen is about 3 kg (equivalent to about 7 kg of urea); over 10 days, Mushi N4 ~ 5 kg (equivalent to about 10 kg of urea) is used to promote the enlargement and enrichment of loofah. ; After every 15 days or so topdressing once, each with 4 ~ 5 kg of pure nitrogen (equivalent to 10 kg of urea). Seed China reminds you: The fertilization method should be based on pouring, rotating around the base of the stem 50cm or so, to prevent near roots produce fertilizer. V. Prevention and treatment of major pests and diseases of loofah 1, loofah picnic. Luffa melons occur for several generations a year. They occur in the largest number from July to September and are overlapped by generations. The damage is severe. The staple food is mesophyll. In severe cases, large leaf areas leave only leaf veins, which seriously affects the production and quality of loofah. Control methods: When larvae bloom, use carbamate pesticides to prevent and cure, such as Braun 3000 times, 1000 times insecticide control. The palm tadpoles can be treated with 10% net spray 10-20 grams once. 2, melon cotton rot. The damage period of loofah sponge rot is divided into the seedling stage and the melon period, and it causes rotten melon after being killed. Prevention methods: mainly agricultural control, focusing on the three-channel matching, reducing the humidity in the field, balanced fertilization, anti-biased application of nitrogen fertilizer, and strengthening the prevention and control of pesticides, mainly with 1:2:200 Bordeaux liquid spray, melon period more than rainy weather When the humidity is high, it is necessary to prevent early diligence. 3, gourd downy mildew. Melon downy mildew does not occur easily under normal environmental conditions. A large number of dead leaves at the time of onset directly affect the yield and quality of gourd. Control methods: Combination of agricultural prevention and chemical control, and agricultural prevention and control should be appropriately increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, in order to improve the disease resistance of plants. When the disease is first seen, the diseased leaves should be removed in time to reduce the spread of germs. Chemical control 500 times of metalaxyl can be used to irrigate the roots early. When the disease starts, there are 2,000 times the amount of poisonous mold sprayed, once every 7 days, even 1 or 2 times. Six, choose the melon to retain species Because there are many varieties of loofah and they are affected by the insects and winds, the variability of varieties is greater. Therefore, they need to be purified and rejuvenated each year, and they must be isolated and seeded. The melon seeds are selected to leave the body straight and evenly weighed, and the high-quality loofah with a length of 70 cm or more and a large number of ovary rooms is reserved as a fine seed. Seven, peeling Picking generally from the soft body to the hard body, yellow guava handle, guadi soft and yellow ring, when the pinch can hear a slight crack sound, Guaidui gradually increase the degree of picking when the standard. Peeling, after loofah picking, you need to get loofah after peeling. Dehulling is mainly done in a water-soaked manner: The fresh melons are peeled off, broken with a wooden stick or cut through the skin with a knife, and immersed in a container such as a river or a water tank for several days, and then peeled off the rotten epidermis to make a loofah. Wash and dry in the network.
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