Apple Pear is a main plant variety in the Hexi area of ​​Gansu Province. It is famous for fruit, juice, and sweetness. However, the apple pear blossomed earlier, the flowering period and the local late frost period have met each other, suffered freezing injury, but the production was reduced, and the harvest was never achieved. Frozen injury has become the main disastrous climatic factor affecting the quality and stability of apple pear. For this reason, to find out the causes of frost damage during the flowering period of apple pear and to prevent frost during flowering has become an urgent problem to be solved in apple pear production.
Name: Goji freeze dried extract
Lowing the blood fats, blood sugar, treating high blood fats and diabetes FD Goji Extract,Organic FD Goji Extract,FD Goji Extract Powder,Natural FD Goji Extract Ningxia Rich Resource International Co., Ltd , https://www.richresources-nx.com
First, the cause of frost damage
1. Climatic factors: Abnormal climate is the direct cause of freeze damage to apple pears. Every year after the beginning of spring, the temperature gradually rises, the dormancy period of the apple pear is gradually relieved, and the frost resistance is rapidly weakened. The flowering and fruiting period of apple pear is particularly sensitive to low temperature, and the frost resistance is very weak. If the duration of -2 °C is more than half an hour, frost occurs.
2. The law of frost damage: According to observation by the weather station of Zhangye City, the general rule of occurrence of frost is: the average date of occurrence in the Chuan area is from April 24 to May 26; if the low temperature in Chuan District first appeared on April 1st The mountainous area is on April 23; the most recent date in Sichuan is May 7 and the mountainous area is on June 9. The later the cold temperature appears, the heavier the harm to the fruit trees will be, and the greater the damage will be.
3. Topography factors. The survey shows that at the same latitude, the higher the altitude, the heavier the performance of frost damage. The topography has a greater impact on frost damage, and the surface of the lee surface is lighter, and the cold air is prone to deposition.
2. After the buds with freezing symptoms are frozen, the appearance turns brown or even black, the scales loosen, the buds shrink, and they cannot germinate and then dry off. After the flowers that have been opened have been frozen, the pistil is the least hardy, first frozen to death, calyx blisters, ovary moisture, and peeling. After the young fruit is frozen, it shrinks and becomes yellow and shed. The low-temperature tolerance of the parts that make up the flower organs is not the same. The strongest resistance to low temperature is the calyx, followed by the stamens and petals, and the weakest is the pistil. The survey showed that the order of cold tolerance of apple pears from flowering to weak was: budding period> flowering period> young fruit period. Unopened flowers can tolerate half an hour of low temperature - 2 °C, young fruit formation can only tolerate half an hour of low temperature - 1 °C.
Third, cold and frost-proof technical measures in accordance with the occurrence and development of apple pear flower frost damage, and summarize the masses in the production of effective flowers
Antifreeze during flowering:
1. Build an orchard shelter forest. Shelter forest can effectively prevent wind, but also can improve the ground temperature in the early spring to prevent frost, fruit trees in Zhangye City, the spring flowering period of frost, mostly in advection cooling, radiation cooling and increase its harm. Therefore, the construction of windbreaks in orchards is effective with Qiao irrigation. The trees are suitable for Populus tomentosa with high protection effectiveness. Shelterbelts are planted under the shelterbelts, and jujube trees are better. Each year, they are leveled at 1. 5m to form a compact structure. Shelter forests are set up in a north-south direction. Especially in the areas with frequent frost damage during the flowering period, the construction of orchard protection forests should be synchronized with the orchard construction. According to observations, when the frost occurs, the forest net can increase the temperature of 1 °C outside the network, the ground temperature is 3.5 °C, and the nearer the forest belt is, the lighter the damage is.
2. Select an appropriate micro-climate environment to build the park. The correct selection of the site is the most effective antifreeze measure for planting apple pears. Practice has proved that flowering frosts are closely related to the environmental factors of plots and topography. The microclimate of orchards has a direct impact on the severity of frost damage during flowering. Apple orchards should select the southward or southeast slope of the leeward sun to reduce or avoid the direct invasion of cold winter air.
3. Irrigation before flowering. Orchard irrigation not only increases the soil moisture content, but also increases the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the soil. During the daytime, the temperature decreases and the nighttime temperature increases. The air close to the ground will not be hot and cold, and it will have a strong temperature change. Regulation. Therefore, prior to the occurrence of low temperatures, irrigation in orchards can prevent and reduce the risk of frost. According to observations, the temperature of the tree body after irrigation can be 1 to 2 °C higher than that of no irrigation at night.
4. Increase tree power. In the same temperature and environment, the strength of the tree is different depending on the cultivation and management. The tree is strong, and it is lighter in freezing; the tree is weaker and it is heavier in freezing. Therefore, cultivating a robust tree is one of the measures to prevent freezing damage.
Fourth, emergency anti-frost measures in the apple pear flower germination, flowering, young fruit period, should pay attention to listening to the weather forecast, predict the time and intensity of frost. Before the frost comes, the following emergency measures should be taken.
1. Smoke protection and frost protection. Smoke method is currently the most widely used method. The main use of firewood and chemical agents to release a large number of smoke particles, the formation of smoke, in the living space of fruit trees to create a "small greenhouse" to prevent the ground heat. Smoke materials should be flammable and can produce a lot of smoke materials, such as wheat straw, weeds, fresh shoots and so on.
The time of cigarette lightening is when the temperature drops to 1 °C, and there is a tendency to continue to decline. In 2001, Zhangye Water Hanlin Institute engaged in the fume-smoke and frost-removal test. It was determined that the lowest temperature in the treatment garden was 2~3 °C higher than that outside the park. After the frost occurred, the frozen rate of the treatment garden was only about 11%, compared with that of the park. The frozen flower rate is as high as 60% to 70%.
2. Coverage method: Covering the tree tray with weeds, leaves, wheat sugar, manure, etc., not only raises the ground temperature, but also increases soil nutrients and protects the soil. According to the test of Zhangba Minle County's Liuba horticultural field, the temperature of the ground can be increased by 3 to 5 °C, and the temperature of the tree can be increased by about 3 °C, which can play the role of insulation and frost protection.
3. Antifreeze: Use plant growth regulators to delay germination and flowering of fruit trees. The spraying of naphthalene and potassium acid salt (250-500 mg/kg water) on the whole tree before germination can inhibit the sprouting of the bud and postpone the flowering period by 4 to 6 days. The fruit flower antifreeze developed by Lanzhou University was tested on the horticultural field in Zhangye City and sprayed on the day before the frost came. The flowering period encountered a low temperature of 2 to 3 °C, and the freezing-free rate reached 80%, effectively preventing low temperature on flowers and young fruits. harm.
Anti-fatigue, postpone senility, treating fatiguability, insomnia, Poor appetite, dizziness.
Treating oxygen deficit.
Regulating organism immunity active.
Anti-aging.
Strength kidney and liver function.
Lower cholesterol.
Pharmaceutical stuff.
Healthy food and beverage.