The new trend of peanut cultivation
The cultivation of new varieties of peanuts In recent years, many new peanut varieties have been cultivated throughout the country. The major peanut varieties are: Luhua 8, 9 and 10, Xuhua 5th, Luhua 5, Luhua 2 and Yuhua 10th. The characteristics of these cultivars are that the plants are shorter than the original cultivars, with fewer branches and more suitable for close planting; the fruit type is large, the peel is thin, the fruit shape is upright, and the commodity is stronger. The whole growth period is generally 13-140 days, which is 5-15 days shorter than the original mid-late-maturing variety. Among the early maturing cultivars, the newly cultivated Luhua No. 14 and No. 15 had a fertility period of only 125 days, which was about 10 days shorter than that of early maturing species. The shortening of the growth period of new peanut varieties indicates that the prospects of peanuts and other crops being doubled or intercropped or intercropped are even broader. Combined with mulching technology, the geographical spread of peanut cultivation will be expanded. The planting of peanut seedlings by reducing grain and increasing the density of holes is the product of the manual operation of small-scale farmers. Peanut sowing is conducive to planing. The summer peanut test showed that each seed sowed a seed, the hole or spacing is 12-14 centimeters, an average of 13 centimeters, the number of points per acre increased by 54%, seed use reduced by 23%, a single plant seed growth increased by 40.2%, an increase of 18.5%. The unearthed technique in the ascending cotyledonary node is the semi-emergence crop of cotyledons. Peanuts topped the top soil in the process of emergence, and the cracks transmitted light. After the peanut sprouts were exposed in the soil layer, the stop of growth of the hypocotyl was the reason that the cotyledonary nodes were not excavated. The traditional method of cultivation is to plant seedlings after peanut seedlings, that is, to open up the soil around the cotyledonary nodes, so that the branches of the cotyledon nodes will be smoothly extended, but the cotyledonary nodes will not be able to rise. With the cultivating loose soil and other field operations, it will The open earth returns to its original place. Therefore, the flowers formed on the cotyledonary nodes are underground flowers, which have a low rate of seed setting, and many of them are single-fruited, and most of them are over-ripe fruit, rot, or germinating fruit. The method of lifting up the cotyledonary nodes is to change the traditional flat sowing for ridge cultivation. That is, open cultivation can be based on the width of the sowing line, do a good ridge, and then sowing peanuts on the ridge, and then cover the earth into a sharp peak ridge, when sowing 7-8 days, leaving the cotyledons above 1 cm thick thin soil, Remove the above floating soil to both sides of the ridge. Peeled peanuts can be sown and then covered, and then piled on the film line into a 7-8 cm high soil ridges, when the emergence of peanuts, the membrane on the earth ridge removed. According to experiments, the number of fruits per plant increased by 4-5, even more, by lifting the cotyledonary nodes. The realization of peanut planting mechanization, reduction of grain growth, single plant close planting technology and the application of live film-covered leaf litter exhumation technology can realize the mechanization of peanut planting.