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Spring hybrid seed oil sunflower cultivation techniques
The hybrid oil sunflower has strong adaptability, drought resistance and water saving, and is suitable for planting on saline ground. The hybrid oil sunflower can normally emerge at the ground temperature of about 10°C, sowing it earlier than cotton and other spring sowing crops. After the hybrid oil sunflower is harvested, it can also be planted with corn and other summer sowing crops. It can be harvested twice a year. The development of hybrid oil sunflower is beneficial to the land. Full use of resources to increase farmers' income. The hybrid oil sunflower has a high nutritive value in the fruit plate and can be used as a roughage for herbivores and has a high comprehensive utilization value. The specific cultivation techniques are as follows: I. Environment Requirements The hybrid oil sunflower has stronger resistance to low temperature at seedling stage and maturity stage. Seeds can germinate at 4°C, germinate at 5°C, and meet the need for normal emergence at 8°C to 10°C. Seedlings can tolerate low temperatures of -4°C for a few hours, and normal growth can still be restored after low temperatures, with strong cold resistance. When the temperature is as high as 50°C and the relative humidity is 30% to 50%, normal physiological activities can still be performed by adjusting the body temperature by virtue of the transpiration of the leaves. However, if the temperature is higher than 40°C and the relative humidity reaches 90%, the growth stops and the resistance to disease weakens, which can easily lead to leaf spot and rust. Second, before the planting of soil preparation sowing, 3 to 4 tons of earth fertilizer per acre, about 20 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, ploughshares for rake, hoe width 2 to 2.5 meters. The hybrid oil sunflower will be sowed in spring from late March to mid-April. The earlier the sowing time, the higher the yield and quality. Live or seedlings can be transplanted, and the planting density can be adjusted according to the variety. Third, make up the seedlings between the hybrid oil sunflower seedlings should be checked immediately after the emergence of seedlings. The survival rate of transplanting hybrid sunflower seedlings with soil was more than 90%. Replanting should be early and should be small, should be 1 to 2 true leaves, seedlings, but 15 to 20 cm high, according to line spacing Dingmiao. Fourth, weeding and weeding The first hand sparse seedling weeding, the second weeding combined with Dingmiao cultivator, seedling height 50 ~ 60 cm when the soil ridge ridge down. The herbicide "trifluralin" has a good effect on narrow-grained weeds. It uses 300 grams of water and 20 kilograms of water, sprays 10 days before sowing, and cuts into the soil 10 centimeters to prevent seedlings from being harmed by phytotoxicity; The effect of weeds is good. 200 grams of water per mu is used to add 20 kg of water. Spray within 3 days after sowing to kill sprouting grass. 5. The hybrid oil sunflower varieties used by the warlords have branching characteristics. Due to the dispersion of nutrients, they affect the development of main stems and flower discs, which will reduce the size of the flower discs and reduce the yield and quality. Reasonable top dressing. 7 to 8 have good effect on nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in real leaves. When not sowing the basal fertilizer, the field should be top-dressed early. For the first time, 12-15 kg of ammonium nitrate in the middle cultivator, 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, or 8 kg of urea plus 15 kg of potassium chloride. Six, auxiliary pollination hybrid sunflower self-flowering, artificial pollination or insect cross-pollination can be strong. Otherwise, the kimchi granules account for 35% to 50%, and they are empty when severe. Artificial pollination is to use soft cotton as a puff, on the disk to help spread the pollen of different disk. Pollination at 8 to 10 o'clock in the morning (dry morning) and at 2 o'clock in the flowering period can increase the fertility rate by more than 30%. Put bee pollination, that is about 28 °C in the flowering period, when there is no wind and rainfall, the release of bee pollination can increase the seed-setting rate of about 40%. In addition, fertilization should be reasonably provided during the fertility period, and potassium should be increased. Seven, disease prevention and disinfestation such as leaf spot or rust, can be used 15% Triadimefon 1500 times liquid spray treatment; 10 days after pollination, with 40% Dimethoate 1000 times, or 20% edford No. 2 1500 times liquid spray, control of aphids, aphids and so on. VIII. Timely harvest When the flowers of the center of the hybrid sunflower sunflower are withered, the seeds are harvested when they turn black. After harvesting, the flowers are dried for 3 to 5 days and then threshed and dried.