sea ​​anemone
Latin Name: Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Brandt)
Common Name: Sea Anemone
Overview:
Sea anemones are among the most commonly encountered invertebrates along coastal areas, particularly in China. They come in various species, such as the green anemone and yellow anemone. These creatures typically attach themselves to rocks using a muscular foot-like structure at the base of their body. Their tentacles, which surround the mouth, remain open and spread out in the water, waiting for prey to pass by.
Description:
Sea anemones belong to the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes corals and jellyfish. Their bodies are generally oval-shaped and semi-translucent. The tentacles around their mouths extend into the water, appearing to float, while the body contracts when disturbed. Their outer surface is tough and resilient, offering protection against environmental stressors.
At the top of the anemone's body, there is a flat, disk-like structure surrounded by numerous hollow tentacles. The bottom of the body features a basal plate that allows them to firmly anchor themselves to underwater surfaces such as rocks or shells. When undisturbed, the tentacles spread out like a sunflower, giving the anemone its name. However, if they feel threatened, the entire oral disc can retract completely into the digestive cavity for protection.
The base of the anemone adheres strongly to its substrate. If forcibly removed, part of the base may break off and remain attached to the original surface. This feature helps them survive even in harsh conditions where they might be dislodged by waves or currents.
Diet and Feeding:
Sea anemones are opportunistic predators. They feed on a variety of small marine organisms, including mollusks, crustaceans, and even small fish. Using specialized stinging cells called nematocysts, they paralyze their prey. Once immobilized, the prey is drawn into the mouth by the tentacles and transported to the digestive cavity.
Inside the digestive cavity, enzymes secreted by the anemone break down the food. Nutrients are absorbed by the inner layer of the body, known as the endoderm, while indigestible remains are expelled through the same opening used for feeding. This efficient feeding mechanism allows sea anemones to thrive in a wide range of marine environments.
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