Question of cotton knowledge
Cotton futures have been listed on the Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange for more than a week. To help investors understand more about the basic knowledge and market operations of cotton futures, and to further activate cotton futures trading, the newspaper has sorted out issues that are of general concern to investors. And briefly answer. 1. What are the characteristics of the cotton market? A: (1) The market is large. The annual output of cotton in China is about 5 million tons, with a value of around 75 billion yuan. It is the second largest crop after grain, and more than 200 million farmers across the country directly participate in cotton production. Cotton is the main raw material for the textile industry. The scale of cotton products reaches more than 3,000 billion yuan. The export of cotton textiles accounts for 1/3 of domestic textile exports, and the cotton accounts for 70% of the cost of cotton textiles. Due to its long textile industry chain, there are many companies affected by cotton. (2) The price volatility is large. Cotton is a high-yield agricultural product that involves the agricultural and textile industries. The price attribute shows both the seasonality of agricultural products and the non-renewable characteristics of the year. At the same time, it is directly affected by the degree of prosperity of the textile industry and shows the characteristics of industrial products. Therefore, the supply and demand factors are complicated, and the price fluctuations are large. (3) Strong linkage between domestic and foreign markets. China's cotton production, consumption, and imports are all ranked first in the world. They are an important factor affecting the international cotton price trend. The domestic and foreign markets are mutually influential, interdependent and interacting with each other. 2. How is cotton classified? Answer: Cotton has the following classification methods: According to the physical form, cotton is divided into seed cotton and lint. The cotton that cotton farmers remove from cotton trees is called seed cotton. The seed cotton is called lint after de-seeding. In the usual sense, cotton refers to lint. According to the length, cotton is divided into long-staple cotton and fine cotton, the length of fine cotton is generally 25-31 mm, and the length of long-staple cotton is 33 mm or more. China's cotton is mainly fine cotton. According to processing machinery, cotton is divided into sawtooth cotton and roller cotton. The lint processed using a saw-toothed gin is a saw-toothed cotton. The lint processed using a ginner is called a roller-roller. At present, most cotton in China's cotton market is saw tooth cotton. According to the different colors of cotton, cotton is divided into white cotton, yellow cotton, grey cotton and colored cotton. According to the different grades of cotton, cotton is divided into high-grade cotton and low-grade cotton. 3. What is fine cotton? What are the main contents of the National Standard for Fine Cotton (gb1103-1999)? Answer: One of the current category names for fine cotton cotton is cotton, which is widely grown in all countries of the world. About 99% of the raw cotton produced in China is fine cotton. Normal mature cotton, fine white, white or milky white, soft and silky fiber, length 23-33mm, single fiber strength 3.3-5g, fineness 4500-6400m/g, cottonseed hypertrophy, grayish short velvet. The “National Standard for Cotton Fine Cotton†of the People’s Republic of China (gb1103-1999, the same below) specifies the quality requirements, grading regulations, inspection methods, inspection rules, inspection certificates, packaging and marking, storage and transportation requirements for fine cotton. content. 4. What are the main assessment indicators for cotton quality in the national standard? A: The main indicators are: grade, length, micronaire value, moisture regain, impurity rate, and hazardous impurities. 5. How is the grade of cotton specified? How to test? A: According to the maturity, color characteristics and the quality of cotton, the cotton grade is divided into seven grades, namely grades one to seven. Grade three is the grade standard grade, and seven grades are the outer grade cotton. The classification of sawtooth cotton is as follows: Grade condition 6. What is the main grade of cotton? How to understand the subject level? A: The national standard stipulates that among the batches of cotton containing adjacent grades, grades with a proportion of 80% or more are the main grades. This provision has the following implications: (1) The cotton of the main grade accounts for 80% or more of the cotton. (2) In a batch of cotton, there must be a grade that accounts for at least 80% of the batch of cotton. Otherwise, the cotton has no main grade and the quality does not meet the requirements. (3) In a batch of cotton, the existence of cotton with cross-subject grade (cross-subject grade refers to the grade other than the subject grade and its adjacent grades above and below) is not allowed, and only cotton with adjacent grades is allowed. (4) In a batch of cotton, the sum of the proportions of cotton adjacent to the top and bottom grades must not exceed 20%. 7. How is the cotton length grading defined? How to test? A: The length of cotton fiber is 1mm in length, and it is divided into seven lengths from 25 to 31mm, and 28mm is the length standard. Except for 25 mm, all other lengths are guaranteed. That is, 28 mm means that the length of the cotton fiber is 28.0-28.9 mm, and so on. At the same time, it is stipulated that the length of five grades of cotton is greater than 27 millimeters, which is calculated as 27 millimeters; the length of grades 6 and 7 is calculated as 25 millimeters. The length of the cotton is checked by hand-pulling. The length of the main body of the cotton is obtained by pulling the fiber (the length of a group of fibers with the highest content in a bundle of fibers). The cotton bundle is measured with a special scale to obtain the length of the cotton fiber. During the test, representative cotton samples were taken, and the hands were evenly divided, and the extracted fibers were repeatedly processed into about 60 mg of straight bundles without clumps, debris, and displaced fibers, and the bundle width was about 40 mm; the fibers were placed on a black velvet board. The fiber-specific ruler tangentially cuts both ends of the cotton bundle. The position of the tangent line is based on the non-exposed black velvet plate. The distance between the two tangential lines is measured, and the measurement result is retained at one decimal place. 8. What are the factors affecting the length of cotton fibers? A: The lengths of cotton fibers in different varieties, different cotton plants, and different cotton bolls are very different. Even if the cotton bolls of the same boll have different valve positions, or even different sub-positions of the same cotton boll, the fiber length varies. In general, the cotton bolls in the lower part of the cotton are shorter in fiber length, the fiber in the middle boll is longer, and the fiber length of the upper boll is between the two; in the same cotton boll, the fiber is born on the middle of each cotton. long. 9. What is the micronaire value of cotton? How to measure? A: Micronaire is a transliteration of micronaire in English. Micronaire value is a comprehensive index reflecting the fineness and maturity of cotton fiber. It is one of the important intrinsic quality indicators of cotton fiber and closely related to the use value of cotton fiber. Micronaire values ​​are divided into a, b, c three levels, b level is the standard level. The grade a value range is 3.7-4.2, the best quality; the grade b value range is 3.5-3.6 and 4.3-4.9; the grade c value range is 3.4 and below and 5.0 and above, and the quality is the worst. The specific measurement method is to use an air flow meter to measure the air permeability of a constant weight of cotton fiber after being pressed into a fixed volume, and the scale value is expressed. The larger the value, the thicker the cotton fiber and the higher the maturity. 10. What is the relationship between micronaire value and yarn quality? Answer: The micronaire value has a close relationship with the yarn quality. High-micron-cotton cotton fiber can withstand mechanical impact, easy to remove impurities, into a uniform yarn, smooth appearance, fewer defects, the finished product rate is high. However, the high micronaire value will affect the strength of the yarn. Cotton fibers with too low micronaire values ​​tend to have poor maturity and are prone to deleterious defects and poor dyeability. Therefore, only the cotton with a moderate micronaire value can take into consideration both aspects and achieve more comprehensive economic benefits.