Platycladus orientalis, commonly known as Chinese thuja or red cedar, is a widely cultivated tree species in China. It has been an essential component of afforestation efforts for centuries due to its adaptability and resilience. This species thrives in barren hills, showing strong resistance to drought and poor soil conditions. Its natural range spans across China, from the high altitudes of Tibet to the Yellow River basin, with dense populations found in regions like Deqing and Daxie. As a temperate tree, Platycladus orientalis can tolerate a wide range of climates, including dry, cool, and warm conditions. It grows best in areas with annual rainfall between 300 and 1600 mm and average temperatures ranging from 8°C to 16°C. The tree can withstand extreme cold, surviving temperatures as low as -35°C. It has relatively flexible soil requirements, thriving in sunny, rocky slopes and thin soils. It adapts well to various parent materials such as limestone, granite, and shale. It prefers neutral soils but also performs well in slightly acidic or alkaline conditions. Additionally, it exhibits good salt-alkali tolerance, growing successfully in soils with up to 0.2% salt content. However, it grows most vigorously in deep, fertile, and well-drained soils. This species is light-demanding, though young seedlings can tolerate shade. Natural regeneration is most successful in woodlands with a canopy density of 0.8 or higher. Seedlings grow well under the canopy of other species like Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia. However, after about 20 years, increased light exposure becomes necessary, and the canopy density should be maintained at 0.7 to 0.8 for optimal growth. Platycladus orientalis has strong sprouting ability, allowing new branches to form after damage. Its root system is shallow, with well-developed lateral and fibrous roots, making it less wind-resistant. The tree reaches maturity between 5 to 6 years, but seeds are best collected from trees that are 20 to 30 years old. Seeds are harvested from September to October, dried, and processed by cracking the seed scales. After cleaning and sorting, the germination rate is typically 70–85%, with about 10% seedling emergence. Each kilogram contains approximately 45,000 seeds, each weighing around 22 grams. When stored properly in cloth bags at room temperature, seeds maintain high viability for 2–3 years. For planting, seeds are soaked in warm water (30–40°C) for 12 hours before being placed in baskets or bales. They are kept in a shaded area, watered daily, and turned regularly until half of the seeds have opened. Sowing methods include ridge sowing and bed sowing, with recommended rates of around 150 kg per hectare. After sowing, the soil must be kept moist, and watering should be adjusted to avoid overwatering. Regular irrigation during the growing season, every 10–15 days, is advised, using either drip or sprinkler systems. Fertilization with ammonium sulfate (150 kg/ha) is recommended twice during the fast-growing period. Seedlings should be thinned when they reach about 5 cm in height, with 100 plants per meter of row. In colder regions, seedlings need protection before freezing, often by covering them with soil. One-year-old seedlings, reaching 15–25 cm in height, are suitable for spring or autumn planting, while 1.5-year-olds, 25–30 cm tall, are ideal for rainy season planting. For large seedlings, transplanting is necessary, with spacing increasing as the plants grow. After one year, plants are spaced 10–20 cm apart; after two years, 20–40 cm; and after three years, 30–40 cm. Transplanted seedlings typically reach 50–70 cm in height and 0.6–1.5 cm in diameter after 2.5 years. Platycladus orientalis is commonly planted in low mountainous areas above 1000 meters, on sunny or semi-shady slopes, rocky terrain, and saline-alkali or sandy lands. It is not recommended for wetland areas. Soil preparation involves techniques like fish-scale pits, narrow terraces, and horizontal trenches. Planting can occur in spring, autumn, or rainy seasons, depending on local conditions. The rainy season is ideal, using 6-month or 1.5-year-old seedlings. Proper planting depth and soil coverage help protect against winter damage. In mixed forests, Platycladus orientalis grows stronger and faster under partial shade. After planting, regular weeding and soil loosening—three times a year—are essential for the first 3–4 years to promote healthy growth. Pruning is recommended after five years of growth, removing about one-third of the branches to prevent collapse. A second pruning is done after 2–3 years. The wood of Platycladus orientalis is oily, fragrant, and durable, with fine texture and good workability. It is used in construction, shipbuilding, furniture, and more. Its seeds, bark, and leaves have medicinal properties, used for nourishing the body, calming the mind, and treating various ailments. The oil extracted from the seeds is used in soap and food production, as well as in pharmaceutical and perfumery industries. With its attractive shape and easy pruning, it is often used in landscaping and as a hedge plant.

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