Comprehensive advance scientific immunity program for reference With the rapid development of the intensive pig industry, new problems have emerged in the prevention and control of swine diseases. Due to the large size of the herd, high stocking density and many stress factors, it is very likely to cause epidemic diseases, especially septic infections such as swine fever, swine erysipelas, and swine pneumoconiosis. Once this occurs, the pig mortality rate is extremely high. , Bringing devastating economic losses to the farm. According to the production characteristics of intensive pig farms, the guidelines for epidemic prevention work are based on the implementation of eliminating the source of infection and cutting off the means of transmission, and will focus on enhancing the immunity of herds. The implementation of vaccination-based immunoprophylaxis is an effective, practical, and economical method. According to the presence or absence of pig herds, the level of growth and the regularity of growth and decline, most vaccines are generally designed for two immunizations in immunization procedures to improve the efficacy of inoculation. When developing the immunization program, it is necessary to pay full attention to the epidemic situation, the onset season, the pig's use, age, maternal antibody levels and feeding conditions, and the types, nature, and immunization pathways of the local and even local diseases, all aspects and advances. Sexual science arranges the basic procedures. The following describes the immunization procedures, vaccine selection, immune monitoring and emergency treatment methods for preventing common septic infections. 1 piglet Caused by swine fever virus (HCV), pigs of all ages are susceptible, highly contagious, with high morbidity and mortality, mainly characterized by high fever, depression, anorexia, extensive bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes. The disease course is divided into acute, subacute, chronic, atypical or persistent infections. Vaccine selection: In the 1950s, China had developed a highly effective swine fever vaccine against attenuated vaccine, which played a crucial role in the effective control of swine fever. The current series of vaccines for the prevention of swine fever include: swine plague rabbit attenuated vaccine (single vaccine) and pig swine-porcine erysipelas-pneumococcal attenuated triple attenuated live vaccine. According to the vaccine production method, rabbits and rabbits were vaccinated and muscles and parenchymal organs of the rabbit spleen and lymph nodes or lactating rabbits were used to prepare tissue vaccines. These were prepared after culturing susceptible cells (calf testes or lamb kidney cells). Cell seedlings. When "triple seedlings" are used, a dose of cell seedlings is replanted. Rabbits were used for emergency inoculation (tissue culture attenuated vaccine). Immunization procedure: (1) Two immunizations for growing pigs: first exemption from 15 to 20 days of age, 2 heads/head per seedling, second exemption after 30 to 40 days, triple vaccine with swine fever, swine erysipelas, and pneumoconiosis , by 2 heads/head; (2) vaccinated once before sow breeding, 2 piglets/streptococcus-E. coli triple inactivated vaccine/head; 3 boars and 9 boars per year One month each vaccination, with swine fever - swine erysipelas - swine plague three joint vaccine / head; (3) pregnant sows can not be avoided. Special procedures: Pig farms with sporadic or sporadic pig farms, if the above-mentioned immunization procedures are ineffective or have no obvious effect, they should try to carry out advanced immunization. That is, piglets should be given 2 intramuscular injections (300 immunization units) immediately after birth. To avoid attenuated vaccines, eat colostrum after 2 hours, and exempt from 1 or 60 days after weaning. Immune monitoring: A number of large-scale swine farms have established immune antibody monitoring systems. The diagnostic kits currently available in China are: (1) Swine fever Dot-ELISA diagnostic kit. (2) PPA-ELISA diagnostic kit. (3) Monoclonal Antibody Purification Antigen ELISA. Emergency vaccination: Immediately inoculate suspicious or presumed healthy pigs from HCV-immune vaccine, using 4 doses per pig. Anti-pigeon serum can also be injected and the immunization period is about 2 weeks. 2 swine erysipelas An acute, hot infectious disease caused by bronchoalgae. The course of the disease is mostly acute septic or subacute rash, which occurs in all four seasons. Shelfs are the most common. It is characterized by high fever, weakness, flushing of the skin, and many parts such as ears, neck and back. Vaccine selection: first use of swine erysipelas-pneumococcal epidemic vaccine for pigs, second use of swine fever-porcine erysipelas secondary vaccine, swine fever for swine pigs - swine erysipelas-pulmonary infection triple vaccine or swine erysipelas-pig lung Epidemic two seedlings. Immunization procedures: (1) Two immunizations were performed on growing pigs: first exemption at 5-6 weeks of age, exempted every 3 to 4 weeks; (2) vaccination once before sow mating and 1 immunization each year. Immune surveillance: The highest titer of serum culture agglutination test (GA) 2 to 3 weeks after vaccination indicates its immunity. When its antibody titer is lower than 1:32, vaccination should be considered. Emergency treatment: When an outbreak occurs, penicillin can be used for treatment, and 1 to 20,000 IU/kg body weight intramuscularly, 2 times per day for 3 to 5 days. 3Poultry plague Induced by Pasteurella multocida. The acute form is characterized by high temperature, anorexia, and weakness. The erythema appears on the ventral, ear root, and inner skin of the extremities. The main features are sepsis and inflammatory bleeding. Vaccine selection: Single vaccine inoculation with inactivated bacteria, combined with seedling inoculation can choose to use swine erysipelas ~ swine plague or swine fever - pig erysipelas - pig triple vaccine. Oral seedlings have G20 attenuated vaccines and the immunization period lasts 6 months. Immunization procedures: (1) Two immunizations for growing pigs; first immunization at 1 to 2 weeks of age, second exemption at 4 to 5 weeks of age; (2) vaccination 1 time before sow mating, breeding of boars 1 Times. Immune monitoring: Serum antibody titers can be checked by an agar diffusion test (AGP). Emergency treatment: When an outbreak occurs, anti-pneumonic serum can be used. Drug treatment with penicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin and so on. 4 swine edema disease A toxemia caused by hemolytic E. coli in the intestinal tract of piglets infected with certain O antigen serotypes is characterized by abrupt onset, short course of disease, and edema of the head, eyelids, and stomach wall. Vaccine selection: The polyvalent inactivated enterotoxigenic E. coli vaccine containing K88, K99, 987P and F41 and many other pilus antigens can be used. For example, the multi-valent pig edema disease vaccine produced by the Ministry of Agriculture Medical Machinery Factory, the K88, K99 genetic engineering vaccine produced by the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, and the M4 vaccine of Solvay Company. Immunization procedures: (1) Prevention of edema disease in neonatal piglets: 2 immunizations of unvaccinated sows are firstly exempted 45 days before delivery, and exempted 15 days before delivery; thereafter, breeding pigs should be vaccinated again before mating. (2) Prevention of edema disease in weaned piglets; pigs born from unvaccinated sows were first exempted from 5 to 10 days of age, and exempted after 3 weeks. Piglets born to vaccinated sows can be immunized once a week before weaning. Immunomonitoring: Monitored by tube agglutination (AGT). When the antibody titer is less than 1:160, vaccination may be considered. Emergency treatment: sulfonamides, penicillins, streptomycin are often used in treatment 5 Clostridial enteritis This disease, also known as red piglet, is caused by Clostridium perfringens type C. It causes highly necrotic enteritis in piglets within 1 week of age. The main manifestations are hemorrhagic diarrhea, intestinal necrosis, short duration, and high mortality. Vaccine selection: inactivated seedlings with Clostridium perfringens type C. Such as Beijing produced AC dry powder inactivated vaccine. Immunization procedure: Formalin type A toxoid of C type Clostridium welchii, 5 ml of intramuscular injection one month before delivery of pregnant sow, and 8 ml after two weeks of pregnancy. Passive sucking of colostrum can give birth to passive Immunity. After the piglets are born, they can be protected by the injection of 3 ml/kg body weight against the serum of piglet red fleas. Immune monitoring: Neutralization test (SN) was used to monitor the neutralizing price of antiserum, and the specific parameters for the critical value of anti-disease were temporarily absent. Emergency treatment: Due to the acute onset of the disease, the short duration of the disease, the efficacy of drug treatment after the onset of the disease is not good, if necessary, oral administration of antibiotics to newborn pigs immediately, twice a day, as an emergency drug prevention. 6 piglets paratyphoid Mainly caused by Salmonella and other Salmonella, clinical manifestations of septicemia and enteritis, pregnant sows abortion. Immunomonitoring: Antibodies can be monitored using fluorescent antibody assays, plate agglutination and co-agglutination assays. Emergency treatment: Directly use oxytetracycline, kanamycin, polymyxin E, oxidized phosphoric acid and chloramphenicol to treat the outbreak. Or for susceptibility testing first, choose the best drug. 7 Streptococcal disease The general term for a variety of diseases caused by streptococcal infections of multiple serogroups, acute and often manifested as hemorrhagic sepsis and encephalitis. Piglets, shelf pigs, and pregnant sows are susceptible. Vaccine selection: live bacterin for Streptococcus suis disease is safe and effective by oral or subcutaneous injection, and the immunization period is 6 months. Immunization procedure: (1) It is mainly used for growing pigs, first exemption at 10 days of age, second exemption at 60 days, and (2) if it is for young pigs, it should be exempted within 42 hours after birth and exempted after weaning for 1 week. Immune monitoring: Coagulation tests are mainly used. Emergency treatment: When an outbreak occurs, the entire site will be fully sterilized with 10% quicklime or 2% caustic soda. Early penicillin, streptomycin and tetracycline antibiotics, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and antibacterial synergists can be used early. Finally from the field to isolate pathogens for drug susceptibility testing, from which to choose more sensitive antibacterial drugs. 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Vaccine selection: At present, the attenuated freeze-dried vaccine of Salmonella choleraesuis is mainly used. Such as C500 attenuated vaccine, oral immunization.
Immunization program: mainly used for piglets, the first free from 20 days of age, interval 3 to 4 weeks for the second exemption.