High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Winter Onion
First, the choice of species. It is necessary to select the varieties suitable for local cultivation, such as Indus, Qifengfeng, "Jiujiu" and so on. Second, nursery 1, intensive cultivation, reasonable fertilization. Flattened land, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a thick layer of cultivated land are used for breeding seedlings. Mushi fermented organic fertilizer 2500 kilograms, shallow ploughing 25 centimeters, leveling and squeezing fine, into a width of 1 - 1.2 meters. 2, seed processing. The suitable sowing period for winter storage onion shall be from September 25 to October 5. Before sowing, 5 kg of DAP and 5 kg of urea were used as seed fertilizers for sowing. Before sowing, seeds are soaked in warm water of 35-40°C for 8-10 hours and aired for 5-6 hours. 3, sowing. When sowing, firstly moisten the soil, soak the seeds evenly after infiltration, then cover the soil 1 cm. Mu use 2 - 2.5 kg. After the broadcast, there were cracks on the surface of the sunny days. After Miao Qi, strict control of non-emergence pouring head water, but also to control the cotyledons before the show is not watering, so as not to cause stenosis and siltation. 4, seedling management. From the sowing of seedlings to the end of December, after the height of 5 cm, pour 2 to 3 times of water, and pour antifreeze water at the end of November. At the beginning of December, a thin layer of horse manure or earth fertilizer and grass ash is thinly spread to the thickness to just expose the tip of the leaves to ensure that the seedlings can safely pass winter. The criteria before onion seedlings are: (1) the average plant height is about 10 centimeters; (2) there are 2 true leaf 1 leaf; (3) the seedling bulb base diameter does not exceed 0.3 centimeters; (4) Miao Zhuang without prosperous. In late spring, at the end of February, the horse dung that was covered before the winter was picked up and then filled with earth. Can also be spread in the early morning fine broken loops and miscellaneous fertilizer 2000 kilograms, and then smashed again, will help preserve the insulation, promote early-onset seedlings. In early March, weeds should be removed. In mid-and late March, it is appropriate to return to Qingshui in the evening and plunge after pouring. In early April, the seedling height was 15 cm between the first seedlings. In mid-April, the second seedling height between seedling height 20 cm, seedling distance 4-7 cm, mu left 120,000. Each time the seedlings combine to scratch and water once. May is a long period of onion Miao Sheng, but also a critical period for the cultivation of strong seedlings and the upgrading of the three types of seedlings. At this point, 20 mu of urea is applied to the urea, followed by pouring 2-3 times of water, and pests and diseases are controlled at the same time. In June, onion seedlings were controlled mainly for seedlings. Strong seedlings standard: seedling height 50 cm, false stem length 25 cm. About 1cm thick, about 40 grams of fresh weight per plant, there are 5 true leaves, but also with the typical characteristics of this species. Third, planting 1, site preparation before planting. The irrigation and drainage was convenient and the thickness of cultivation was thick. In the past 3 years, no onions, onions, garlic and leeks had been planted. The land was open to the north and south, with a ditch of 80 cm. The depth and width of the ditch were 30-35 cm. Earth miscellaneous fertilizer, Mushi urea 20 kg, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate 10 kg, the bottom of the trench has a width of 15 cm, a depth of 25 cm of loose soil layer preparation. The ridgebacks will be patted to make it easier to stand people when transplanting. 2, planting. The best transplanting period is in mid-June, but it will be completed in the end of the year. Before the seedlings were raised, they were poured with small water and carefully raised to prevent injury to fibrous roots. The residual seedlings with disease and insect pests were removed, and the strong seedlings with the typical characteristics of the variety were selected, sizing and grading, and planting with the seedlings. Generally 1.6 to 18,000 plants per acre are planted, that is, 80 centimeters in distance, planted in a single ridge, with a plant spacing of 5 centimeters, and a single plant nutrient area of ​​0.04 square meters. Each acre of green onions can be planted 4-6 acres of field. After the submerged ditch is ditched and the bottom of the ditch is loosened, the water can be drained by using a two-tooth hook or a small rake to the bottom of the earth. After the water is soaked, the green onion scorpion with a length of 40 cm, a diameter of 1.5 cm, and a split end is inserted into the onion. When inserting green onion seedlings and inserting green onion dumplings to pull out from the ditch, one hole, ie, onion eyes, is flashed, which is to be preserved, which is conducive to the ventilation and ventilation of the roots and light blues. Planting depth. It is advisable to use the onion shoots and leaves at least 8 cm above the ditch. Fourth, field management. About half a month after the onion planting, appropriate watering. In case of timely drainage, prevent the accumulation of water in the ditch. After easing the seedlings, we should carry out cultivating and weeding, and only scratch the soil and improve soil ventilation. In August, the growth of light blue began to lengthen. On the back of the ridge can be applied to the 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer, or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and then sprinkle 15 kg of urea. The ground worms and urea can enter into the ditch and then pour water. In late August, into the long-term growth of tubular leaves, to apply topdressing nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Mu recovery 15 kg of urea and 20 kg of potassium sulfate or top-dressing cake fertilizer, plant ash, ammonium bicarbonate and so on. After pouring fertilizer, pour 2 times of water. When the ridge back dry and wet is suitable, the cultivator will magnify the hoe, firstly surround the onion tree, and then break the ridge and flat ditch. In early September, light blue began to thrive and still have to recover nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Then earth. It is better not to bury the leaves. The original ridge back ditch is immediately watered twice in the ditch. In late September, according to the height of light blue soil suitable for earth. After earth-cultivation, 4000kg of fertilizer was applied to the mulch in the ditch, 20kg of urea and 20kg of diammonium phosphate. The cultivator then covered the fertilizer and then watered. In October, the area of ​​the leaf area reached its peak. During this period, the management was watering, watering once every 6-7 days, and pouring water to the ground. Fifth, the harvest. The winter storage shallots can be harvested in mid-November, with a length of 50 centimeters long and 4 centimeters wide, along the side of the onion, the green onions will be shaved, spread on the ground, slightly dry steam, 15 kg in the afternoon Bales are collected and transported back to storage. China Agricultural Network Editor