At present, the performance of pigs has been greatly improved through genetic breeding methods. At the same time, the pig's physique and stress resistance have also decreased relatively, and are more sensitive to changes in nutrition, feeding, management and other environmental conditions. With the continuous increase in pig intensification, the related epidemic has become more complicated, with slight negligence, the epidemic is likely to spread rapidly in the pig herds and cause economic losses. The growth of pigs is slow and the feed is slow. The utilization rate is reduced, and the loss of drugs, manpower, etc. is also very large, and it will also leave the root cause of the pig farm and become a later problem. Therefore, we should take various active measures to improve the health of herds and reduce or avoid the invasion of various diseases to produce high-quality pork. First, the health of pigs Throughout the entire pig production process, pigs may develop infectious diseases at any time. Once they occur, the larger the scale, the greater the loss. Therefore, it is very important to do a good job in the health inspection of pigs, discover subclinical symptoms in time, control the epidemic early, and eliminate infectious diseases in the bud. The main monitoring methods are as follows: (1) Observing pig herds The breeder should always observe the pigs he is raising at any time. If any abnormalities are found, report to the veterinarian or technician promptly. The farm technicians and veterinarians at least visited the pigs 2-3 times a day, and often contacted the keeper to exchange information to grasp the herd dynamics. Whether it is a breeder or a technician, observe the pigs carefully and carefully, grasp the observation techniques, observe the timing and methods. Production can be used "three look", that is "usually look at the spirit, feeding to see the appetite, cleaning to see the feces." And should consider the pig's age, gender, physiological stage, season, temperature, air, etc., have focused and targeted Observed. The abnormalities found during the observation should be analyzed in a timely manner, the reasons should be ascertained, and measures should be taken to resolve them as soon as possible. In the case of general diseases, symptomatic treatment or elimination should be used. If it is a severe infectious disease, it should be immediately killed, properly handled, and emergency measures such as emergency disinfection and emergency immunization should be taken to prevent its spread. (b) Measuring statistics for specific breeds or combinations requires specific feeding and management levels, and at the same time, a specific production level. Through measurement statistics, it can be understood whether the feeding and management level is appropriate and whether the health of the herd is in the best condition. Poor feeding and management can not play the maximum genetic potential of pigs, but also reduce the health of pigs. The level of productivity shown by pigs is a barometer that reflects the quality of feeding and management and health conditions. For example, pigs have low conception rates and few litters, which are often related to poor breeding techniques, improper feeding and management, and certain diseases. Low birth weight is associated with poor sows during pregnancy; 21 low litter weight, poor uniformity and lack of breast milk, late feed or improper feeding, poor environment, or disease infestation; low daily gain of pigs and poor feed receipts It may be that the herd harbors certain chronic diseases or improper feeding and management. (c) The necropsy of sick pigs By necropsy of the sick pigs, observe the types and degree of lesions or lesions in various organ tissues to understand the types and severity of swine diseases. (IV) Slaughterhouse inspections Slaughter plants are inspected for the presence or absence of abnormalities or lesions in various organ tissues of the slaughtered pigs to determine whether there are certain infectious diseases and their severity. (E) antigen, antibody testing and determination of serum and other body fluids in the antibody level is an effective method to understand the immune status of animals. The presence of an antibody in the animal's serum indicates that the animal was once exposed to a cognate antigen. The presence of the antibody means that the animal is suffering from a disease or has been sick in the past, or that the animal has been vaccinated for efficacy. If the level of antibodies declines, these antibodies may represent infectious diseases or residual antibodies to the vaccine. Determination of antibodies after vaccination can determine the degree of effectiveness of artificial immunity and serve as a reference for when to revaccinate. After vaccinating pregnant sows, piglets can obtain maternal antibodies by eating colostrum. Determining the amount of maternal antibodies in piglets can be used to understand the immune status of piglets, and it is also an important basis for determining when piglets are vaccinated again. The technology used to examine antibodies can also detect and identify antigens and diagnose diseases. The production site can use a simpler method such as whole blood agglutination test to quarantine certain diseases, eliminate positive pigs, and purify the pigs. Second, the health of pigs In order to ensure that the herd has a higher level of health, various initiatives must be taken to prevent it. (B) Creating a good living environment, strengthening the feeding and management of a good living environment and a high level of feeding and management can not only improve the pig production performance, but also improve the health of the herd, enhance the herd resistance, reduce herd susceptibility To prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. Therefore, you should always keep the house clean and comfortable, well-ventilated, winter insulation and cold, summer cool and heatstroke. Reasonably formulate and strictly implement various feeding and management procedures for pigs to improve the health of pigs. (C) Adhere to frequent breeding and self-breeding pig farms introduced to various regions, easily introduce various pathogens to the field, at the same time, due to the new guinea pigs and the original pigs may be different susceptibility to different pathogens, epidemic can easily outbreak. Therefore, pig farms should insist on self-cultivation and self-cultivation, with as little or no introduction as possible, especially in areas where seed sources are lacking or unstable. (IV) Selection of provenances, introduction and quarantine To prevent the introduction of infectious diseases to pigs, pig farms should provide imported pigs from healthy pigs in specific farms instead of several different farms or herds. At the same time, before the introduction, it is necessary to know in detail the health condition of the pig farm and to require the farm to meet the following three conditions: to determine a reliable immunization program; to have a good supply history; to ensure that there is no specific infectious disease. In addition, the introduction of quarantine should be carried out, the introduction of pigs should not have swine fever, pseudorabies, infectious gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea, sputum and other diseases. After the introduction, they should be isolated for observation for 2-3 months. Only after passing the quarantine can they be grouped with the original pigs. (V) Isolated and reared, all-in and all-out pig production has continuous feeding and isolation feeding, all-in, all-out and other methods. “Continuous feeding†is feeding a batch of pigs of different ages in a pig house and transferring or selling. All pigs can not be recalled at one time. When the new pig herd is transferred in, some pig houses still have pigs that have not yet been removed. This can easily lead to circulating infections of various chronic infectious diseases, which can cause pigs' production performance and health levels to decline. Treatment costs Increase, economic benefits decline. Isolated breeding, also known as multiple isolation production, is the name of more and more of a kind of health management system used in the production of foreign commercial pigs. The basis of this system is to keep the pigs in different stages of the life cycle in different places. When more pigs are raised, the production process is divided into breeding, pregnancy and delivery, conservation and fattening. These pigs at different stages can be kept in 3 separate places with a distance of at least 500 meters. A two-point system can also be used, ie breeding, pregnancy and delivery in one place, nursery pigs and finishing pigs in one place. Using this method, early weaning (10-20 days old) should be adopted, and the pigs should be tested before every relocation isolation to remove sick pigs and suspicious pigs. This will help eliminate the pathogens present in the original pig herd and prevent circulating infections. Isolation and feeding combined with "all in and all out" is better. “All-in, all-out†means that the same batch of pigs enter a pig house (field) in the same period and a pig house (field) is produced in the same period. After the pigs are all transferred out, they are cleared and sterilized and then freed for 1 week before entering the next batch of pigs. This can eliminate the pathogens left by the pigs in the previous batch and provide a clean environment for new pigs to further avoid circulating infections and cross-infections. At the same time, the same batch of pigs are close to each other, which facilitates the implementation of feeding management and various technologies. (6) Sanitizing and disinfecting means killing or eliminating pathogenic microorganisms that have been released into the external environment. Its purpose is to cut off the route of transmission and prevent the spread and spread of animal infectious diseases. The spread of different infectious diseases is not the same, and the focus of disinfection is different. Infectious diseases mainly transmitted through the digestive tract, such as swine fever, swine erysipelas, swine lung disease, foot-and-mouth disease, piglet paratyphoid fever, transmissible gastroenteritis, and E. coli disease, are feed, drinking water, and breeding that are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Tools such as dissemination, do a good job of environmental sanitation, and strengthen the disinfection of feed, drinking water, ground, feed trough, feeding tools, etc., are of great significance in preventing such infectious diseases. Infectious diseases mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, such as pig asthma, atrophic rhinitis, influenza, etc. Diseased pigs discharge pathogenic microorganisms into the air during breathing, coughing and sneezing, pollute the surface of environmental objects, and then fly through the air. Molecules, droplet nuclei and dust are transmitted to healthy animals by means of air. In order to prevent such epidemics, it is of great significance to sterilize the air and surfaces of contaminated pig houses. Some contact infectious diseases, such as pig pox and pig gasping disease, are mainly transmitted through the skin and mucous membranes of healthy pigs. The control of these infectious diseases can be prevented by disinfecting the skin, mucous membranes and related tools of animals. Infectious diseases transmitted by insects such as mosquitoes and flies, such as Japanese encephalitis and erysipelas; infectious diseases transmitted by animals such as rodents, such as salmonellosis, diploidosis, brucellosis, and pseudorabies, etc. Prevention of infectious diseases must take comprehensive measures such as insecticide and rodent control. Although there are no specific infectious sources for general surgical infections, respiratory infections, and urogenital tract infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms that do not belong to a particular infectious disease, their pathogens are from the external environment, their own body surface, or the natural tract, and so on. The occurrence of infections and diseases is also necessary for preventive disinfection of the external environment, the pig's body surface and cavity, livestock production and veterinary clinics. (7) Immunization Immunization is an important means to stimulate the body's specific resistance and reduce the susceptibility of pigs. It is one of the important measures to prevent and control the occurrence of porcine infectious diseases. For some infectious diseases, such as swine fever, immunization has a more crucial role. So farms should be immunized in strict accordance with immunization procedures. (8) Pigs banned from other farms Pigs, dogs, cats and other animals are forbidden to be kept on farms; pigs are not allowed to purchase pigs and their products; and workers are not permitted to raise pigs at home. (9) Insecticides, rodents, flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches and other arthropods are important media for the spread of livestock diseases. Therefore, killing these insects is of great importance in preventing and exterminating pig diseases. In addition to destroying buildings and stealing feed, rats are also a vehicle and source of infection for a variety of human and animal infectious diseases. Therefore, rodents are important for preventing disease and eliminating diseases and increasing economic efficiency. (10) The carcasses of sick pigs and their excreta handling the dead bodies of sick pigs that have died of infectious diseases contain a large number of pathogens, which is one of the main causes of disseminated disease. Whether or not the carcasses of sick pigs are handled properly is an important link related to whether pig infectious diseases can be quickly extinguished. Therefore, pigs should be strictly examined, diagnosed as soon as possible, and sent to the isolation room in time. The dead pigs that need to be dissected are sent to the anatomy laboratory in a timely manner. After the veterinary examination, pigs considered to be infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases can not be random, and they cannot be eaten or sold on the bazaar to prevent the spread of disease or food poisoning. The usual method of disposal is to burn, bury or chemically make industrial raw materials. (11) Strict veterinary health and epidemic prevention system Pig farms should have a clear and complete veterinary health and disease prevention system, and special personnel are responsible and strictly implemented.
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The elimination of abnormal pigs in time can increase the production level, reduce the consumption of materials and medications, and is more conducive to maintaining the safety of the entire group, because these pigs are often susceptible to infectious diseases or carriers, and are dangerous sources of infection or potential. Source of infection.
(I) Site selection and selection of buildings, layout of buildings, and layout of buildings should consider cutting off the spread of epidemics. The site of the pig farm should be located in a place with high dryness, leewardness, sunny reach, sufficient water supply, good water quality, convenient drainage and sewage drainage, no pollution, power supply and convenient transportation, and it should be 500 meters away from railways, highways, towns, and residential areas. Slaughterhouses, livestock product processing plants, garbage dumps, sewage treatment facilities, and scenic spots are all over 1,000 meters long, and there are fences or epidemic prevention ditch around them. The site is best set in the planting area, which is conducive to the combination of planting and breeding to form a benign ecological cycle. The layout of the pig farm should not only consider the convenience of production and management, but also avoid cross-contamination of pigs, humans, feed, and feces. The living area of ​​the farm is strictly separated from the production management area, production area and isolation area.