Fertilizer application for green food production
In crop production, people use fertilization to increase crop yield, improve product quality, increase economic efficiency, and maintain and increase soil fertility. Among the many fertilizers, organic fertilizers have become the ideal fertilizer for producing green foods. 1. Organic fertilizer plays an important role in improving the quality of food The first is to increase soil fertility. Soil fertility indicators are an important part of soil environmental quality standards in green food production. Application of organic fertilizers is the main way to maintain and increase soil fertility. Organic fertilizer can loosen and fertilize the soil, promote the vigorous growth and robustness of plants, and increase resistance to drought, cold, lodging, and resistance to diseases and insect pests to achieve high quality and high yield. Second, it can reduce soil pollution. Soil organic matter and heavy metal elements are neutralized or chelated, adsorbing organic pollutants, thereby reducing the harm to plant foods. The third is the role of nutrition. Organic nitrogen, phosphorus, amino acids, and nucleic acids can significantly increase the content of protein, sugar, vitamins, and aromatic substances in foods, increase the proportion of dry matter in fresh and tender foods, thereby improving the quality, flavor, and storage resistance of foods, and significantly improving color, appearance, and appearance. . This special role cannot be replaced by chemical fertilizers. It should be pointed out that in modern high-yield and high-quality agriculture in China, more than 75,000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per hectare every year to meet the demand of crops, and the effect on quality improvement is obvious. Only the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can achieve high quality and high yield. There are ways to increase organic fertilizers in the soil, such as building up farmyard manure, planting green manure, and returning straw. 2. Organic fertilizers need to be harmlessly treated Organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly processed may cause food contamination that is more severe and difficult to prevent than chemical fertilizers. Chemical pollution is an important factor in the excessive content of harmful substances in domestic garbage. Organic pollutants mainly originate from batteries, electrical appliances, paints, and pigments. Organic wastes such as municipal waste and human and animal wastes contain a large number of pathogens, and these viruses live longer in the soil. According to the survey, vegetables such as cauliflower, cucumber, lentils and eggplant are heavily contaminated by E. coli, and potatoes, sorghum, bamboo shoots, radish, onions and cabbage are heavily contaminated by parasite eggs. Green food production should keep the organic fertilizer harmless. First of all, we must take the source of organic fertilizers and ban the use of organic fertilizers that may be contaminated, especially those with heavy chemical pollution. Secondly, high-temperature composting should be carried out. The temperature should be treated at 50°C-55°C for 18 days. The coliform value should be reduced to 10-1, the mortality of maggot eggs should reach 100%, and the mortality rate of various species of fly maggots, cockroaches, and adults should be 100%. Can achieve the harmless standard of organic fertilizer. The production of green food should be prohibited from "producing soil under the ground." The development and application of commodity organic fertilizer is a new field for the development of organic fertilizers. It meets the needs of the market economy and has reliable product quality. It can be used as one of the main fertilizers for green food production. At present, there are mainly three categories of commodity organic fertilizers: (1) Municipal waste composting, which is mainly distributed in large cities. To solve the problem of urban waste pollution, commercialization of waste fertilizers has been achieved and better comprehensive benefits have been achieved. (2) Active organic fertilizers, which are made from livestock manure and wastes from agricultural and sideline products processing, are made of fermented microorganisms that are fermented, dehydrated, and made harmless. They are high quality organic fertilizers. 3 Humic acid, amino acid special organic fertilizer, rich in organic nutrient components and plant growth regulators, can be made into liquid fertilizer for foliar spray. 3, green food (Grade A) can be timely and reasonable use of chemical fertilizer fertilizer application, fertility and improve food quality. Fertilizers can supplement soil nutrients and balance crop nutrition to promote crop growth and improve the quality of agricultural products. The nutrient that crops draw from fertilizers is exactly the same as that of the same nutrient elements extracted from organic fertilizers. Whenever the decline in food quality is blamed on the use of chemical fertilizers, this is actually a misunderstanding. There are essential differences between fertilizers and pesticides in affecting food quality. Chemically synthesized pesticides are generally different from natural products. They are organic substances that do not exist in the natural environment. Some components can accumulate in humans and animals. Some components may cause cancer. Some components may remain in the soil for a long period of time and participate in the ecological cycle. Negative effects are greater. Fertilizers are different from pesticides. The composition of chemical fertilizers is found in natural soils. Fertilizers are used to supplement the plants and the soil supplies insufficient nutrients. When this year's major fertilizer varieties, some of them come from the transformation of natural minerals, such as phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is synthetic ammonia and its processed products. In fact, organic matter in organic fertilizers cannot generally be directly absorbed by crops, but must be decomposed into the same ingredients as in chemical fertilizers before they can exert their nutritional effects. The relationship between chemical fertilizers and food quality is relatively close, and it can be concluded that the proper application of chemical fertilizers is beneficial, and improper application is harmful. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers have a significant role in promoting the quality improvement of agricultural products. Taking potassium from vegetables as an example, potassium can reduce the nitrate content in vegetables, increase the uniformity of vegetables, enhance disease resistance, and improve quality. Potassium application can increase the sugar content of watermelon, reduce the acidity, and increase the storage resistance. Potassium promotes the transfer of amino acids to the grain and facilitates the synthesis of protein in the grain. Appropriate use of nitrogen fertilizer can also improve quality. In the production practice, the main problems in the application of chemical fertilizers are the imbalance of nutrients, the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, the shortage of potassium fertilizer and trace elements. The deterioration of permeability, loss of nutrients, pollution of the environment, resulting in the increase of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water, and nitrate enrichment in agricultural products, harming human health. 4. Pay Attention to Balanced Fertilization Technology and Balanced Fertilization in Green Food Production We must do a good job in the five aspects of “soil testing, formulation, fertilizer application, fertilizer supply, and fertilizationâ€. Fundamentally change the habit of farmers' blind fertilization, and effectively control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer without causing excess tropism and causing excessive food nitrate content. At the same time, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers has been raised from the current 30% to more than 45%, and the effect of cost-saving increases has been significant. Fertilizers in production must be applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers, and the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen should not exceed 1:1. For example, 100 kg of high-quality stubble fertilizer and 1 kg of urea should be applied (fertilizer as base fertilizer, urea as base fertilizer, and top dressing). The last top-dressing of agricultural products must be carried out 30 days before harvest. China Agricultural Network Editor