Cultivation techniques of Grifola frondosa
The optimal temperature for the formation and growth of Grifola frondosa fruit bodies is 15-20°C. The growth cycle of Grifola frondosa mycelia is long, and it usually takes 50-65 days. Therefore, the bagging time should be two months earlier than the optimum fruiting time. In the south, the bag is made in August and the fruit is harvested during the year. After the winter is over, the temperature in the next year is appropriate. Then the spring planting in the northern region should be delayed and the autumn season should be appropriately advanced. (1) Cultivation materials and their composition The ash tree flower is also known as "Lemon Mushroom" in the north, and chestnut sawdust is the best raw material. Production of Fagaceae species wood chips are more suitable to adapt, such as paralysis, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, bitter buckwheat, rice bran, Mongolian oak, etc., other broad-leaved wood shavings and a small amount of coniferous wood shavings can also be used. In addition to sawdust, crop by-products such as cottonseed hulls, bagasse, bean stalks, rice straw, and other fiber-rich raw materials can be used for cultivation, but a variety of raw materials is preferred. The auxiliary materials used to cultivate ash tree flowers are mainly corn flour, bran, rice bran, gypsum powder and woodland humus. After the experiment, adding edible mushroom smash stalks and their wastes is conducive to mycelial growth and increase yield. Formulation 1: 78% of wood chips, 20% of bran, 1% of superphosphate, 1% of gypsum powder; Formula 2: 60% of wood chips, 20% of waste bacteria, 5 % of bran, 5% of corn flour, and woodland rot Soil reclamation 10%; Formulation 3: 70% of wood chips, 14% of bran, 2% of bean cake powder, 14% of humus; Formulation 4: 64% of straw (cut or coarse powder), 20% of humus, bran 10% of the skin, corn flour 5%, gypsum powder 1%; Formulation 5: straw (cut short or coarse powder) 86%, corn powder 12%, gypsum powder 1%, humus 1%. The above commonly used cultivation materials formula water content of 60% -64%, pH 5.5-6.5, if the pH is high, you can add superphosphate adjustment. (2) Pouch planting 1. Mixing and sterilizing Select any one of the aforementioned culture materials, add water and mix well (cotton seed hulls, rice straw and grass need pre-wetting), moisture content is 60%, pH value is adjusted to about 6. Into 17330.05 cm low-pressure polyethylene bags, layered compaction, until about 10 cm near the bag flattening material surface, the central hole to close to the bottom of the bag, bag mouth plug without cotton cover. Place into an atmospheric pressure sterilizer, hold at 100°C for 10 hours, and sterilize overnight. 2. Under inoculation and culture, under sterile conditions, each bag will be inoculated into the cultivating species to inoculate the shovel so that the bacteria species are covered with the material surface and the central hole. Emissions are made upright on a shelf in a culture chamber, with a temperature control of 25°C and an indoor relative humidity of 70% or more. After about 40 days of culture, the material surface is formed into bacteria, and the raised primordium gradually appears. At this time, the indoor diffuse light should be increased and the bacterial bag should be opened to receive light stimulation. About half a month later, the primordium grew and the surface was wrinkled and secreted with yellowish water droplets. 3, fruiting management 1 direct bagging mushroom. Select the bacteria bag that grew up and has more water droplets, and use a knife to make a “10†or “V†cut bag-breaking film on the bag shoulders on both sides of the bag mouth without cotton cover, and discharge the shelf in the chamber. On the increase of diffuse light brightness, temperature control around 20 °C, indoor relative humidity increased to 90% -95%, do a good mist spray, while strengthening the ventilation, the indoor air is always fresh. The key to management is moisture retention and ventilation. After about half a month management, the fruit body gradually grew up, from the brain to the coral shape with young flowering patches and imbricate overlap, grow out from the incision, the longer the conditions are, the longer the cover color is from the darker to the lighter. , Bacterial cover under the white sub-solid layer gradually developed fungal pores, upturned flat cover that gradually shows that the fruiting body has matured. It takes about 15-20 days for the primordium to be harvested. It can also be cultivated in outdoor arbours or in mushroom sheds. Bedding can be made in sheds. It is thoroughly sterilized and disinfected beforehand. Then, it is cut along the mouth of the bacterium bags and discharged on the mattress, and the shed is covered with a film to moisturize the shed. The film is not sealed, the film should be uncovered when spraying water, and the light control within the shed is seven points of yin and three points of yang. Temperature, humidity and gas requirements are the same as above. 2 cover the mushroom. Fungi bed selection system. The cultivation beds need to be selected in indoor or outdoor areas that are well-lit, fresh air, and well-ventilated. They can be cultivated on ground beds, and can also be used as shelf-type beds. In order to increase the permeability of the bacteria bed, the distance between the beds is increased to 0.81.0 meters, and each frame is suitable for three layers. Outdoor high-shelf shelves need to be provided with shade sheds and covered with shade nets and other covering materials. Drainage trenches are opened around the sheds. After selection, the bacteria bed must be completely cleaned and replaced with insecticidal and fungicidal sprays to kill pests and germs. Open the bag to discharge. After two months of culture, the bag of bacteria, when the surface of the coral-like primordial raised, and a large number of pale yellow beads, remove the bag mouth without cotton cover or ring tampon, cut along the material surface bag film, Then use a knife to cut 2-3 lengths of about 10 centimeters around the wall of the bag to break the membrane. The bottom of the bag is also cut to a tangent length of 2 to 4 centimeters to facilitate ventilation and adjust the humidity inside the bag. A 2 cm thick layer of fine sand or highly permeable sand is first applied to the cultivation bed. Then the cut bacterium bag is neatly discharged on the bed (畦), the bag spacing is about 2 cm, the bag mouth material surface is required to be on the same plane, and the water content of the bag gap is filled to about 20% after the insecticidal and sterilizing treatment. Loam. Covered with water. After the filling of the bags, the sterilized soil or humus (about 0.5 cm in diameter) will be placed on the surface of the bed with a thickness of about 2 cm to cover the original base. Then spray water with a sprayer, requiring a small number of times, within 1-2 days to adjust the moisture content of the soil into the hand-pinch soil and not sticky to the degree. Finally, a layer of wet rice straw or chaff with a thickness of 1 cm thick and cut into 2 cm long was moistened. 3 fruiting management. Room (shed) temperature control around 20 °C, see the soil surface watering white, relative humidity to maintain 90% -95%, increase the diffuse light, about 10-15 days of the earth to form a young fruiting body, cap overlap Growth, at this time should be more humid spray to the air, bogey water to the young fruiting body, while strengthening the ventilation, when the bacteria grow about 8 minutes can be harvested. In addition to the above method of covering soil, bags and soil can also be used to cover the soil. After the cotton-free cover is removed, a 4 cm-bag film is removed from the surface of the material and the soil is covered on the surface of the mouth of the bag, and then discharged into the bed (畦), control temperature, humidity, gas, light and so on. (3) Cultivation of branches and branches 1. Selection of materials is selected from the branches of branches of the family of Fagaceae or broad-leafed branches such as mulberry branches, street trees and fruit trees, and cut into 15 cm long sections. Soaking in water for 15-20 hours will make the shoots contain about 70% moisture. 2, bagging using 15260.0 05 cm corner polypropylene or low pressure polyethylene bags. Combine the branches near the ends with a plastic rope to form a branch with a diameter of about 9.5 cm. Place a 1 cm thick wet cultivation material on the bottom of the bag. Gently put the sticks into the branches. Fill the gaps between the branches with a cultivating material. , Sleeve without cotton cover. 3, sterilization, inoculation, culture 100 °C for 10 hours normal pressure sterilization. After cooling, under aseptic conditions, inoculated shovel cultivars were inserted into each bag. Cultured at about 25°C. 4. After burying the bag and covering the soil for 2-3 months, remove the no-cotton cap when the coral-like primordium formation and pale yellow waterdrops occur. Cut the bag membrane along the upper end of the bundle. Cut 2-3 slits, cut 2 slits at the bottom of the bag, bury 20 cm in depth and 15 cm in width. Bottom pad is 2 cm loose on humus soil or sand, pocket spacing is 4 cm, bag Fill the wet humus until it is flush with the branches. Then about 2 cm thick soil or garden soil covering about 0.5 cm in diameter, playing circulating water, so that the soil moisture content of about 60%. Finally cover a 1 cm thick wet chaff. 5. Put a shed on the scaffolding management and cultivation site and cover the membrane on the trampoline. The mushrooming management method is the same as the soil-covering cultivation method described above. Branch cultivation can generally be harvested within 2-3 years. Chinese Agricultural Editor