Guide: First, green tea processing technology
The processing of green tea is mainly divided into three steps: greening, sputum and drying. The key is the first process of the initial production, that is, killing. The fresh leaves pass through the killing, the activity of the enzyme is passivated, and the various chemical components contained therein are basically physico-chemical changes by the action of heat under the condition of no enzyme influence, thereby forming the quality characteristics of the green tea.
1, killing
Killing plays a decisive role in the quality of green tea. High temperature destroys the characteristics of enzymes in fresh leaves, stops the oxidation of polyphenols, prevents the leaves from turning red, and simultaneously evaporates some of the water in the leaves, making the leaves soft and creating conditions for the shape. As the water evaporates, the low-boiling aromatic substances with grassy gas in the fresh leaves will disappear, thereby improving the aroma of the tea leaves.
2. æ‰æ»æ‰æ» is a process of shaping the shape of green tea. The external force acts to make the blade smash and light, roll into a strip, reduce the volume, and facilitate brewing. At the same time, some tea juice adheres to the surface of the leaves, which also plays an important role in increasing the concentration of tea.
The process of making green tea is divided into cold and hot. The so-called cold sputum, that is, after killing the green leaves, after simmering, the enthusiasm is the embarrassment of killing the leaves without chilling. The young leaves should be cold to keep the yellow and green bright soup color, the old leaves should be hot to facilitate the tightness of the ropes and reduce the broken ends.
At present, in addition to the high-grade tea is still operated by hand and special machinery, the operation of bulk green tea has been mechanized.
3, dry
The main purpose of drying is to evaporate water and organize the appearance to give full play to the tea. The drying method is in the form of drying, frying and drying. The drying process of green tea is generally dried first and then dried. Because the water content of the tea leaves is still very high, if it is directly dried, it will quickly form a mass in the pot of the frying machine, and the tea juice will easily stick to the wall.
Second, black tea processing technology
Chinese black tea includes Kung Fu black tea, red broken tea and small black tea. The preparation method is roughly the same, and there are four processes of withering, licking, fermentation and drying. The quality characteristics of black tea are red soup and red leaves. The formation of color and aroma has a similar chemical change process, but there are differences in the conditions and extent of change. Take Kung Fu Black Tea as an example to introduce the processing technology of black tea.
1. Withering and withering refers to the process in which fresh leaves lose water after a period of time, so that certain hard and brittle stems become wilting and withering. After withering, the water can be properly evaporated, the leaves are soft, the toughness is enhanced, and the shape is convenient. In addition, this process can make the grassy taste disappear, and the tea leaves are fragrant, which is an important processing stage for the formation of black tea aroma. There are two kinds of withering methods: natural withering and withering and withering. Naturally withered, the tea leaves will be spread out indoors or outdoors, and the sun will not be strong, and will be put on for a certain period of time. Withering withered leaves, the fresh leaves are placed in the aeration tank, and hot air is used to accelerate the withering process. This is the commonly used method of withering.
2. The purpose of the æ‰æ»èŒ¶æ‰æ» is the same as that of the green tea. The tea leaves are shaped and the color and aroma concentration are increased during the mashing process. At the same time, because the leaf cells are destroyed, it is easy to oxidize under the action of the enzyme, which is beneficial to the tea fermentation.
3. Fermentation fermentation is a unique stage of black tea production. After fermentation, the leaf color changes from green to red, forming the quality characteristics of black tea red leaf red soup. The mechanism is that under the action of sputum, the structure of the cell membrane is destroyed, the permeability is increased, the polyphenols and oxidase are fully contacted, and the oxidative polymerization reaction is generated under the action of the enzyme, and other chemical components are also changed accordingly. The green tea leaves turn red, and the color and flavor of the black tea form. Fermenters are currently commonly used to control temperature and time for fermentation. The fermentation is moderate, the color of the young leaves is red, the old leaves are red and green, the grass is gone, and the fruit is fragrant.
4, dry and dry is the fermented tea embryo, using high temperature baking, quickly evaporating water to meet storage requirements. The purpose is to use the high temperature to quickly inactivate the activity of the enzyme, stop the fermentation; evaporate the water, reduce the volume, fix the appearance, maintain the dryness to prevent mildew; emit most of the low-boiling grass odor, intensify and maintain high-boiling aromatic substances, Get the sweet smell unique to black tea.
Third, the famous tea processing technology
Famous tea is mechanically processed and is a new technology developed in recent years. Compared with traditional hand-made frying, it has three advantages: First, the scale of production can greatly accelerate the commercialization process of famous tea, and change many of them. It is difficult for famous tea to form a commercialized situation to meet the expanding market demand. Second, it can greatly reduce labor intensity, improve work efficiency, reduce production costs, thereby increasing market competitiveness, increasing the economic benefits of producers, meeting the requirements of consumers' low price and high quality, and promoting the consumption and development of famous tea. Third, the tea making process is easy to standardize, which is conducive to ensuring stable product quality, expanding production areas, and popularizing technology.
1. The fresh leaf processing machine commonly used in fresh leaf processing machines is a fresh leaf dewatering machine. The machine works like a dewatering device for a domestic washing machine. Fresh leaves are placed in the net bag and placed in the rotating drum. After high speed rotation, the leaf surface water is removed. Common fresh leaf processing machinery and fresh leaf classifiers.
2, the famous machine (green) tea killing machine currently used in the killing machine has a pot type of machine, a drum type machine, a high temperature hot air machine and a steam type machine.
3. The famous machine tea machine is used for the hoe operation in the processing of famous tea. The purpose is to make the tea curl into strips and moderately destroy the leaf cells. There are many models of famous tea pots, which are divided into 6CR-25 type, 6CR-30 type, 6CR-40 type, 6CR-55 type and 6CR-65 type. The basic structure is mainly made up of barrels and trays. , pressurizing device, transmission mechanism and frame. The barrel is generally rolled by a copper plate, which is fixed on the triangular frame of the barrel. During operation, the transmission machine drives the horizontal rotation in the disk by the crank. The circular disc is cast into a disc shape with cast iron, a copper plate is laid on the surface of the plate, and a wooden board with better wood is also used. There is a tea outlet in the center of the tray, and a tea door is installed. The plate is stamped or has 10 to 12 crescent-shaped keels, which helps to make the tea into strips. When the famous tea machine is used for operation, the barrel is filled with tea leaves, and the barrel is horizontally rotated in the tray. The tea in the barrel is subjected to the pressure of the lid, the reaction force of the tray, the force of the keel and the side of the barrel. Pressure, etc., so that the tea leaves into a strip, and some of the leaf cells are destroyed, the tea juice spills out, to achieve eye-catching.
4, dryer famous tea drying machinery has disc type, hand-operated louver type and automatic drying type, mainly used for drying and semi-drying famous tea initial drying and foot fire drying.
5, famous tea plastic, strip, fried machinery
(1) The plastic shaping machine is suitable for the operation of deformed famous tea, such as slicing and flattening, and has the characteristics of tightness of tea strips, straightness and straightness, and lustrous green color. The basic structure consists of a fried tea pot, a pressed tea board, a fried tea hand, a leaf brush, a leaf brush, a transmission and vibration structure, an electric furnace, a frame, and the like.
(2) Lifting machine This machine is made up of a pearl tea forming and frying machine, which consists of a stove, a device, a transmission system and a crankshaft.
(3) Vibratory strip machine vibrating strip machine is suitable for strips and shaping conditions of strip-shaped famous tea. The finished tea strips are tight, the leaves are intact, the front seedlings are exposed, and the color is green. The basic structure is composed of a multi-tank, an eccentric (crank) linkage, a reduction transmission mechanism, a heat source device and a frame.
(4) Electric wok is used for manual frying and shaping of various famous teas.
6, multi-function famous tea processing machinery
Multi-functional famous tea processing machinery, also known as multi-functional famous tea fried dryer, multi-purpose machine, flat tea forming and frying machine, etc., is currently the most popular and most widely used tea processing machinery.
It has the advantage of multi-purpose machine, and it is one of the famous tea processing machinery which is more economical, practical and mature at present. Specifically, the machine has the following main features: a multi-purpose machine, economical and practical. In addition to the use of Longjing tea, it can also be used for some of the other famous teas. The performance is reliable, the tea quality is good, the cost is low, the work efficiency is high, the machine is small and convenient to operate, and one person can operate one set, which is very suitable for one household. The machine consists of a multi-tank long fryer, a frame, a heat source, a transmission mechanism and a pressurizing rod.