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In response to potato nutrition requirements, when recommending fertilization in production, it is first necessary to understand the supply of various nutrients required by the local soil bank, and to consider that the same soil has different supply capacity and level of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients. , On the basis of soil supply, estimate the recommended application amount of NPK fertilizer. Taking potash fertilizer as an example, the effective potassium content in the soil in the south is low, and the amount of potash fertilizer should be generally increased. The effective potassium content in the soil in the north is higher than that in the south, but for the potato to have more potassium, it must be supplemented with potassium. For this reason, the appropriate proportion of N, P, K fertilisers is recommended separately, with an average of 1:0.5:0.6 in the northern regions and an average of 1:0.4:0.8 in the southern regions. In addition, it is recommended separately for different production levels in the north. Assuming that the potato yield per mu is about 1500 kg, the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 10 to 12 kg/mu pure nitrogen, the potassium fertilizer dosage is 5 to 8 kg/mu, and the amount of phosphate fertilizer is pure. 3~5 kg/mu.
In the potato fertilization period and fertilizer distribution, the use of base fertilizer and top dressing separately. The basal fertilizer is best applied with organic fertilizers and fertilizers to facilitate the tuber. The distribution ratio of N, P, and K fertilizers in base fertilizers and topdressing fertilizers varies, and only 50% of nitrogen fertilizers, all phosphate fertilizers, and most of potassium fertilizers are distributed in basic fertilizers. Topdressing is nitrogen and potash fertilizer. Half of the nitrogen, potassium, or more nitrogen or less half potassium is used as top dressing. The fertilizer type of basal fertilizer can be selected to have a high phosphorus and potassium content (such as 12% to 15%) and a suitable nitrogen content (about 10%). Fertilizer can also be used with simple fertilizers. Elemental phosphorus is the best calcium, the southern acidic soil area is also optional calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilizer distribution principle is that most of the ridge before the squat or burr deep applied to the ridge bottom, a small part of the phosphorus fertilizer potato block when applied under the slope. The topdressing nitrogen and potash fertilizer should be topdressed at the bud stage (that is, the underground tuber formation period), applied to the ridge side and then watered by the cover soil. Top dressing time is not too early, it is best to enter the expansion period in the potato block, too early to catch fertilizer in particular, in pursuit of a large number of nitrogen fertilizer, will cause the roots of the ground to prosper the problem of small pieces of potato roots. In the fertilization position, the basal fertilization is applied before or after planting, and the depth requires about 15 to 20 cm. Top dressing is applied between rows or on ridges; the fertilizer is buried 5 to 8 centimeters deep, and can be filled with water and fertilized after fertilization.
In recent years, more and more farmers have adopted the state of relying solely on fertilizers to produce potatoes. It needs to be reminded that some farmers pay great attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer in order to obtain high yields of potatoes, while ignoring the balance of phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients, both in basal and topdressing, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is too high. Partial application of nitrogenous fertilizer sometimes results in the growth of the aerial parts of the yam, and the underground potato chips have very few adverse consequences. Many rural households have already mastered related technologies. For example, in some potato production households in Gansu and Inner Mongolia, organic fertilizers are mainly used as basic fertilizers with low-concentration compound fertilizers, and then the budding stage at the top of the plants, followed by fertilization with appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, has achieved good results. Based on the nutritional characteristics of the potato and the ratio of N, P, and K nutrients, a feasible technique for balanced fertilization in the whole process.
In addition, the potato is more sensitive to trace elements such as boron and zinc, and can be supplemented and supplied in a suitable amount through fertilization methods such as seedbed fertilization and top dressing, so as to obtain satisfactory results with high yield and high quality.
Planting potash can not be lacking
Potatoes are grown in most parts of the country and are mainly produced in Sichuan, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia and Gansu. There are different ways of planting in different places. There are spring and summer potatoes. From the standpoint of fertility characteristics, the early period is dominated by the vegetative growth of stems and leaves, and in the later stage, underground growth is mainly caused by tubers. It can mature after the starch accumulation in the potato block is completed. The demand for N, P, and K is demanded by the potato. In the process of yield formation, nitrogen supply is the basis to ensure that sufficient green leaf area is formed for photosynthesis; the supply of phosphorus is indispensable for tuber formation and starch accumulation; On the basis of sufficient N and P, the supply of potassium is necessary for the potato to increase the photosynthetic product in the early stage and increase the transport and accumulation of starch to the tuber in the later stage. Field tests showed that the ratio of N, P and K uptake by potatoes was about 1:0.5:2.5. It can be seen that potato is a potassium-promoting crop.