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How to relieve insect-resistant cotton "cancer"
The wilt of cotton is commonly referred to as cancer by farmers' friends. Any field that has ever developed this disease will often develop cancer later, even worse year after year. This is because such bacteria are once in the soil. When it lurks, it is difficult to eradicate, and when it comes to suitable climatic conditions, it is easy to relapse. In recent years, a batch of insect-resistant cotton varieties have been introduced and selected in China, and the resistance to insects and high yields are good. In normal climate years, the advantages of the varieties with insect-resistant cotton are also significant. However, the weakness of insect-resistant cotton is that the disease resistance is somewhat inadequate. When the weather from the beginning of June to the beginning of July has been exposed to persistent adverse rain, some insect-resistant cottons are even seriously affected. Among them, some insect-resistant cotton varieties have a disease susceptibility rate of about 40%. Although they are resistant to insects, they still have a reduced yield. At the same time, most of the insect-resistant cotton varieties are relatively concentrated on the peach and are prone to premature aging in the later period, and the production also deserves special attention. For cotton cancer, in addition to the selection of disease-resistant varieties to enhance disease resistance, according to my experience of many years of multi-point investigation, improving water facilities and improving fertilization techniques can enhance disease resistance. First, increase all kinds of organic fertilizers. I applied bio-organic compound fertilizers to cotton fields with about 20% of cotton wilt disease-causing strains. The number of diseased plants in the year fell below 5%, which is lower than that of adjacent cotton field-infected strains without applied bio-organic compound fertilizer. Percentage point or so. This is because the secretion of bio-organic fertilizer can inhibit the proliferation of pathogens. Therefore, one can apply 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of manure organic fertilizer per acre; two can use different types of bio-organic compound fertilizer, about 75 kilograms per acre; three can use high-energy organic compound fertilizer, about 100 kilograms per acre, All localities can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation in the area. Second, increase the amount of potassium fertilizer. Years of practice in cotton production show that the demand for potash from conventional cotton is relatively lower than that from insect-resistant cotton. Now, the market share of insect-resistant cotton is large, and the demand for potash fertilizer by insect-resistant cotton is more than double that of conventional cotton. The shortage of potassium in planting insect-resistant cotton in Datian is more common, and increasing potash fertilizer can not only enhance the defense ability against wilt disease, but also prevent the physiological disease (blight) caused by potassium deficiency and the continuous high temperature and frequent rainstorms. Red stem blight, can also prevent premature aging. Generally, no less than 30 kg of potassium fertilizer is applied per mu. Third, re-applying flowers and boll fertilizer, peach fertilizer. Cotton entering the flowering and bolling stage is the peak stage of fertilizer application. Each acre should be applied with a high content of multiple compound fertilizers of about 20 kilograms. When a single plant has three or so peaches, about 15 kilograms of urea should be applied per acre. At the same time, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Sonic boron, etc. outside the root can effectively prevent the premature death of cotton. Fourth, improve water facilities. In the years of severe blight, we can often see in the field survey that in the same cotton field that often causes blight, the high groundwater level is much higher than the groundwater level, indicating that the roots are stunted. The cotton's resistance to invasion by Fusarium oxysporum weakened. First of all, the emergence of cotton hair roots, cotton field water facilities is good or bad, is related to the weakness of cotton roots, good root cotton, but also can increase the resistance to wilt. Therefore, high-yield cotton fields should be connected with large drainage ditch, compartment ditch and waist ditch, and heavy rain with a daily drop of 100 mm can be discharged, can be lowered, and can be filtered.