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Fruit tree fertilization pay more attention to
A significant number of fruit growers apply fertilizers in an unscientific manner, often placing them too close to the trunk. This improper technique not only reduces the effectiveness of the fertilizer but also harms the tree's root system, which can negatively impact root development, flowering, and ultimately, fruit yield.
The main way fruit trees absorb nutrients is through root hairs, which are responsible for taking up water and essential minerals from the soil. Fertilizing near these root hairs can greatly improve nutrient uptake, leading to better growth and higher productivity. Typically, the horizontal roots of fruit trees spread out to about 1 to 1.5 times the diameter of the tree’s canopy. Most of these roots are concentrated along the outer edge of the canopy’s shadow, with a vertical distribution that varies depending on the species, soil conditions, and management practices.
For example, apple, peach, and plum trees generally have shallow root systems, extending to about 40 centimeters deep, while pear and grape trees tend to have deeper roots, reaching around 80 centimeters. Therefore, it's important to apply fertilizer at or near the edge of the canopy. For deep-rooted trees, fertilization should be done more deeply, while shallow-rooted trees require a shallower application.
Organic fertilizers break down slowly, providing a steady supply of nutrients over time, making them ideal for deeper application. In contrast, chemical fertilizers are more mobile and should be applied more shallowly. In densely planted orchards, it's effective to apply organic fertilizer deeply between rows and use a lighter application between individual trees. It's crucial to avoid damaging large roots during this process, as doing so can reduce the efficiency of the fertilizer and lower overall productivity. By following these proper techniques, growers can maximize fertilizer use, improve tree health, and increase both yield and income.