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(I) Cutting period
Traditional cuttings are more common in the northern part of the country from late October to early November, namely the dormant period. Since the cutting season is late and the temperature is low, they cannot be rooted in the same year. They must be transplanted after rooting in late spring. The transplant time is accordingly backward. Deferred, resulting in the growth period of seedlings in the year of transplanting is short, the growth is small, the seedlings grow in the nursery until the fourth year of spring and autumn, they can only grow seedlings and nursery, that is, from the cutting propagation to the nursery, it takes two and a half to three years.
For rapid seedling and shortening of the nursery cycle, we changed the cutting time, that is, during the growing season, from May to early October. From May to August, cuttings can be transplanted in the same year, and transplanted from August to the beginning of October. They are transplanted early after soil defrosted in Hunchun to prolong the growth period of the transplanted year. The growth of the seedlings is large, and they are laid for rapid seedlings. Basically, in short, early transplanting, early transplanting, and early harvesting are shorter than the traditional dormant period of cutting and seedlings, the time taken is reduced by six months to one and a half years. The whole process of cutting seedlings in growth period takes about a year and a half to two years, and it can be staged for breeding from May to early October, which relieves the tension between the supply and demand of seedlings and basically ensures the annual supply of seedlings.
(2) The cutting process lays the seedbed at the topography of the terrain, and is 1.2m to 1.5m wide. The length is determined by the location and amount of seedlings. After the leveling and impurity removal, a clean river sand with a thickness of about 20cm is used, with 0.3%. The potassium permanganate solution was sprayed through the sand bed for disinfection. The cuttings used in the growth stage cuttings should grow robustly, without pests and diseases, above the degree of semi-lignification, cut into 10 cm to 15 cm long, remove the middle and lower leaves, keep the upper middle robust into the leaves, cut the cutting base after soaking in 100mg The 4 kg/kg of indole butyric acid solution or 500 mg/kg of indole butyrate solution was used to accelerate the cuttings rooting. Using a fine bamboo stick or steel bar, punch holes in a prepared sand bed at a spacing of 4-5 cm, and then insert the treated cuttings into the holes at a depth of 1/2-1/3 of the length of the cuttings. The sand at the cuttings is so closely connected that they can be easily absorbed. After the cutting is completed, the sand bed is poured or sprayed through, and a plastic film canopy is used above it to shade the top of the film with bamboo or draperies or shade nets.
(3) After inserting the plug, maintain high air humidity within the arch shed of about 80% to 90%, sand humidity is held in a group, one touch is appropriate, water content is about 60-80%, and the temperature is controlled below 35 degrees Celsius. 25-30 degrees Celsius is appropriate. The regulation of the microclimate in the shed can be accomplished by spraying water (outside the membrane), watering, covering the membrane, shading, and releasing the air. After about 30-40 days, after the roots of the cuttings are relatively full and plump, they can be gradually ventilated, and the shading material can be removed to consolidate the seedlings. After about 7-10 days, the transplanting seedlings can be planted.
Second, the transplant: choose cloudy or rainy days before transplanting seedlings is appropriate, without long-term storage and transportation of seedlings, soilless root transplant can be carried, seedlings can be rooted roots, seedlings need to bring soil ball. Transplanted at a density of 20 x 25 cm. After the planting, the soil must be compacted, watered immediately after transplanting, and the second pass of water and the third pass of water are essential for the survival of seedlings, especially during the summer heat season. According to the weather and soil moisture, the second time of pouring water can be in the third to seventh days after the first pass. The pots are temporarily half shade. During the growing season, keep the soil moist and fertilize once every 2 months. Trim the whole plant to shape it. Stop fertilizing in winter.
Third, the seedlings of the growing period of cultivation points: for rapid seedlings, seedlings transplant survival, in the fertilizer, water, pruning, etc. should also strengthen management.
(1) Fertilizer: Seedling transplanting combined with proper amount of organic fertilizer applied to soil preparation. If there is no condition, crushed straw can be applied. About 7kg of urea is applied every 666.7 square meters, and 5kg of urea and 3-5kg of phosphoric acid can be recovered during the growth period. Potassium dihydrogen, etc., Fertilization combined with watering, pay attention to control the flood after September and stop the application of nitrogen fertilizer, in order to promote the seedlings are full and robust, to prevent the late greed green longevity, resulting in stems and stems in the winter and spring. Pour enough antifreeze water before freezing in the soil to prepare for wintering. Before germinating in spring, pour enough germinating water to facilitate the spring. In addition. In order to facilitate the growth of seedlings, the soil can be covered by water-saving and drought-resistant cultivation. The materials covered are wheat straw, sawdust, and discarded substrates after mushroom cultivation, covering a thickness of approximately 15 to 20 centimeters. This method is good for water conservation and fertility and can be carried out throughout the year. In short, the management of fertilizer and water during the growth of seedlings should grasp the principle of promoting the post-control.
(b) pruning: commodity seedlings require both a certain height, generally more than 60 cm, but also a certain number of branches and a certain amount of crown. General requirements (for hedgerows) 5-7 longer branches per plant. Therefore, we must strengthen the proper pruning of seedlings. If the seedling grows rapidly after transplanting, the plants with less than 4 branches can be picked up to promote the sprouting of the lateral buds to become long branches; the branches that grow too long during the spring and summer seasons can be picked at any time and the whole plant can be balanced. Growth forces; After entering the fall of September, all branches of uncapped stoppers should be picked up to control growth, promote branch enrichment, and increase the level of nutrient accumulation in the whole plant, which will benefit the winter freezing and the budding of late spring, branching and leaf spreading. Before the start of growth in the spring, short shoots of less than 4 long shoots were planted to stimulate sprouting of lateral buds to grow long shoots.
(III) Application of growth regulators: From mid-August to mid-October, 600-1000 mg/kg of paclobutrazol solution is sprayed once a month, which can effectively control the growth of new shoots, making the shoots robust and full. In addition, the same effect can be achieved by the method of applying earth. In August-September, according to the amount of 500-600g per 666.7 square meters, evenly applied in about 20 cm deep soil layer, watered once after application, in order to absorb the roots of seedlings.