Scientific Breeding of Does

In scientific breeding, it is essential to ensure that the does have access to sufficient, high-quality food and clean water to support their health and well-being. Maintaining a clean and hygienic environment in the deer house is also crucial. In addition, regular domestication and controlled exercise should be provided to prevent issues such as over-fertility, stress, or overcrowding, which can lead to miscarriages. Proper nutrition is another key factor. During this period, the daily concentrate intake for female deer should range between 1 kg and 1.25 kg, which is the highest of the year. The protein content in the feed should be between 30% and 35%, with 10–15 grams of calcium phosphate and 10 grams of salt per day. High-quality, diverse, and ample roughage should also be provided to support overall health.

Monitoring the Birth of Does: "Four Observations"

It is important to observe the signs that a doe is about to give birth, such as reduced appetite, restlessness, or unusual behavior. Second, watch for the appearance of the water bag or "breaking water," which is a clear indicator that labor is beginning. For cases of dystocia, early detection, timely diagnosis, and prompt intervention are critical. Third, monitor the doe after birth, as some may exhibit abnormal behaviors such as licking, hitting, biting, or abandoning the fawn. These behaviors must be addressed immediately to ensure the survival of the newborn. Lastly, ensure that the fawn consumes colostrum within the first hour after birth. If the mother does not provide milk, artificial feeding must begin within 12 hours, as the survival rate drops significantly after 24 hours without colostrum.

Artificial Feeding of Fawns

Artificially raising fawns requires careful attention to colostrum intake, ideally within the first three days. Feeding schedules should follow a structured plan: four times a day for fawns under 30 days, three times a day between 31 and 60 days, and two to four times a day for those aged 61 to 75 days. Quantities should start at 800–1000 ml on the first day, increasing by 10–20 ml daily. After 60 days, the amount should gradually decrease by 5–10 ml per day, depending on the fawn’s size and appetite. Fresh milk from healthy cows (or boiled goat milk) is ideal, and the temperature should be maintained at 37–38°C. All feeding equipment must be sterilized daily, and the environment should remain clean and hygienic.

Building a Protective Fence

A strong protective fence is essential for ensuring the safety of the deer herd. Unfortunately, some farms neglect this important measure. The fence should be tall enough to prevent escape and should include a grass lining to reduce stress. Regular maintenance and frequent replacement of the lining are necessary to maintain effectiveness.

Supplementary Feeding

Supplementary feeding helps improve the fawn's ability to eat solid food and supports gastrointestinal development, preparing them for weaning. Start supplementation two weeks after birth, feeding in the protected area. Initially, the fawns may refuse or eat little, but they will gradually adapt. Feed them 4–5 times a day, remove leftovers after one hour, and clean the feeding troughs thoroughly. Ensure constant access to clean drinking water. Most fawns begin grazing due to lack of feeding or supplementary food.

Batch Milking

Currently, many fawns are milked individually. However, batch weaning offers significant benefits, including cost savings on deer feed expenses.

Domestication of Deer

Proper domestication enhances a deer’s ability to handle stress and adapt to its surroundings, making it more docile and approachable. The key method is "constant contact." Staff should frequently visit the deer enclosure, especially for young fawns, to reduce stress caused by weaning and promote healthy growth.

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