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The principle of feeding meat hogs
1 Selection of appropriate nutrient levels for different varieties of commercial pigs Due to differences in meat production performance and carcass composition, there are also corresponding differences in nutritional requirements. The weight of 60kg is divided into two periods before and after. The nutritional level of the previous diet was between 13.18 and 12.77 MJ/kg for digestion, 16% to 15% for crude protein and 0.9% to 0.8% for lysine, and 12.77 to 12.35 MJ/kg and 14% to 15% for crude protein in the later period. And lysine 0.75% ~ 0.65%, mainly to increase energy and lysine levels. Raising energy levels can increase daily gains, shorten feeding periods, speed up slaughter, and increase lysine levels to lower protein levels and save protein feeds. According to information, raising the level of lysine can also increase the flavor of meat. Within a certain range, increasing one-point lysine in the diet can generally reduce crude protein by one percentage point, which is a way to reduce feed costs. . In order to prevent the residues of poisonous and harmful substances, starting from the two weeks before the slaughter of the commercial hog, the removal of trace elements, vitamins, antibiotics and other kinds of growth promoters added to the feed does not affect the weight gain, but also reduces the feed. The cost has improved the hygienic quality of pork. 2 The material type of selected pigs is divided into wet and dry materials, and the wet materials are divided into dilute material, wet material and wet mix according to the amount of added water. The dry material is divided into dry powder and granules. Because of the addition of water 4 to 6 times thinner or even more, affect the feed digestion, this "deep soup pot belly" method should be used less feeding. Feeding pigs on dry powdered materials is difficult because they are susceptible to wind and picky eaters. They waste feed and induce and exacerbate certain respiratory diseases due to dust irritation. The wet mix is ​​simple and easy to use and is suitable for the commonly used good type. In the case of automatic drinking equipment or drinking water on time, the ratio of material to water is preferably 1:0.8 to 1.0. The palatability of this material type is good, the pigs eat easily, the feed digestion and utilization rate is high, and there is no additional increase in feed processing costs. In the absence of automatic drinking water equipment or water supply is not timely, the winter feed water ratio of 1:2.5, the summer feed water ratio of 1:4 wet material, you can meet the pig's water needs, feeding effect is also very good. Granular material is the ideal material type for feeding commercial pigs, which will not only help improve feed utilization, but also reduce feed waste, and is more conducive to the use of pipelines to feed materials. However, if the powder is processed into pellets, a certain processing cost must be increased. Whether this type of material is used or not should be weighed against the price of the feed. 3 Reducing the number of feeds per day for hog feeding is an important part of feeding methods. Foreign countries have conducted a large number of experiments in this area long ago. The general conclusion is that 2 times/d is not as good as 1/d. A large number of domestic practice data indicate that there is almost no difference in daily gain, feed remuneration, and carcass lean percentage between 2 times/d commercial pigs fed 3 times/day and 4 times/day. 4 Male and female bred groups are fed with males and females. There are obvious benefits. Compared with sows, castrated boars have a large feed intake and grow at a rate of 5% to 6%. The protein level in the feed is required to be slightly lower, but the ability to deposit fat is higher in the later period. It is reported that the castrate diet contains 14% to 15% of crude protein, and the production performance can reach peak, while the sow needs 16% of crude protein; The suitable content of lysine in the boar boar diet was 0.78% and the sow was 0.88%. Male and female breeding groups, the castration of boars can be reduced by 1 percentage point of crude protein and 1 point of lysine, and the development of a commodity pig can save a few dollars in feed costs. Due to the high depositional fat capacity of castrated boars, the gilt weight of a finishing sow of 100 kg is equivalent to that of a caster with a weight of 90 kg. Male and female breeding groups, castration boar 10kg body weight in advance slaughter, similar to the lean weight of sows with a significant body weight of 10kg, can maintain the consistency of slaughter quality of slaughter merchandise, and is conducive to all in and out, at the same time slaughter. 5 Formerly promoted weight gain of post-controlled commercial hog has its specific regularity in body composition, that is, the strength of early growth muscles is large, while the ability to deposit fat at a later stage far exceeds muscle growth. Use this law to raise commercial pigs, in the early stage of weighing 20-60kg, use the favorable opportunity of strong muscle growth, feed them with full-priced feeds, and limit the amount of feed to every meal, eaten, and left. The next feeding is to maintain a strong appetite and try to promote fast. Late stage weight 60 ~ 100kg stage, with full feed properly limited feed. The feed amount is generally controlled at about 90% of the normal feed amount according to the meat production performance of the pigs. For pig breeds with low lean percentage (hybrid combination), one more point can be appropriately limited. High lean meat percentage can be limited or limited. Post-term foods do not affect weight gain. They can also increase the lean body fat percentage and digestibility of feed and reduce feed consumption. Care should be taken when group feeding restrictions are imposed to prevent pigs from becoming fat and lean. 6 The slaughter weight of the slaughter pigs in the appropriate period is related to the feed remuneration of the pigs, the lean body fat rate after the slaughter, and the economic benefits. The larger the slaughter weight, the more feed consumed by the unit weight gain, the lower the lean body carcass rate, but within a certain range, the greater the weight, the faster the weight gain, so the appropriate time for slaughter should be from the piglet cost, slaughter price, feed conversion rate, A comprehensive economic analysis of the five aspects of weight gain rate and carcass lean meat ratio, looking for the best combination point is the appropriate weight for slaughter. The weight of the slaughter is about 100kg, and the maximum is not more than 105kg. When the pork supply in the market is tight, the slaughter weight can be slightly larger, and the prolific pork can ease the contradiction that the market demands more than supply; when the supply of pork is adequate, the slaughter weight can be slightly smaller, which can increase the lean meat ratio of the carcass and can also ease the market. Pork oversupply contradictions. In the case of high commodity pig prices and lower feed prices, the slaughter weight may be slightly larger. On the contrary, the slaughter weight may be slightly smaller.