The main reason for low soybean yield is no fertilization

In the current agricultural production, soybeans are basically not fertilized (especially summer soybean production areas). The main reason is that most people think that soybeans can fix nitrogen, so they don't need to fertilize, and they can also leave a certain amount of nitrogen for post-crop crops. It is precisely due to this erroneous understanding that the production of soybeans in production is low, generally maintained at around 150 kg/mu. In fact, the current level of soybean production promotion is generally 225 to 275 kg/mu, and the high-yielding species is close to 300 kg/mu. Due to lack of fertilization and excessive management, 70 to 100 kilograms of soybeans per mu are lost.

Soybeans can fix nitrogen, but the amount of nitrogen fixation is limited, and its role is mainly in the flowering to drum grain period, about 40 days before flowering, root nodules are small and small, nitrogen fixation is very small; nodules at the late stage of drum grain senescence, fast nitrogen fixation decline. In general, the nitrogen provided by the nitrogen fixation of soybeans accounts for only about 30% of the nitrogen required for soybean growth; under suitable conditions, it can reach about 50%. At present, soybean production areas are mostly affected by diseases such as soybean cyst nematode disease and root rot, and their nitrogen fixation is affected. In addition, the number of root nodules and the ability to fix nitrogen were reduced in the absence of phosphorus. Even if nitrogen fixation can provide 100% of the nitrogen needed for soybean growth, soybean growth also requires phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements.

It has been determined that for every 100 kg of soybean grain produced, about 8.25 kg of pure nitrogen, 1.75 kg of available phosphorus, and 3.60 kg of available potassium will need to be absorbed. According to the actual soybean production level of 250 kilograms per acre, soybeans have to play a normal level of production. Only the grain needs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium per mu are 20.63 kg, 4.38 kg, and 9.00 kg, respectively. In addition to the grains need more nutrients, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contained in the stems are also much higher than other food crops. Soybean stems contain 1.3% nitrogen, 0.3% phosphorus, and 0.5% potassium. The soybean economic coefficient is generally between 0.25 and 0.50. Calculated with 300 kilograms of soybean straw per acre, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the straw is about 3.90 kg, 0.90 kg, and 1.50 kg, respectively.

The above analysis shows that soybean is a crop that requires more fertilizer. Even if nitrogen fixation can provide 50% of the amount of nitrogen needed for soybeans, to achieve its proper yield, soil and man-made soybeans should provide 13.90 kg of pure nitrogen, 5.28 kg of phosphorus, 10.50 kg of potassium, and various kinds of soybeans. Trace elements, which do not include the consumption of nutrients such as leaf and molting, actually require more nutrients than soybeans. The general soil fertility, in the absence of artificial fertilization, is difficult to meet the needs of normal soybean growth, it is difficult to play the level of soybean production.

Although soybeans require large amounts of fertilizer, soybeans are deep-rooted crops that can absorb nutrients in deeper soils. In production, the general fertility plots are usually fertilized in the amount of 2 to 4 kg/mu, phosphorus 5 to 8 kg/mu, potassium 4 to 9 kg/mu and appropriate trace elements to obtain a satisfactory yield.

The demand of soybean for nitrogen fertilizer is roughly 20% of the total growth period before flowering and late grain, and about 60% of the whole growth period for flowering to medium grain size; the absorption of phosphorus fertilizer is the total amount of phosphorus absorption before flowering. 15%, phosphorus uptake from the initial flowering stage accounts for 60%, phosphorus uptake to the grain of drums accounts for 25%; potassium fertilizer needs to account for more than 30% before flowering, flowering to grain account for more than 60%, drum grain to maturity account for insufficient 10%. From the point of view of soybean requirement fertilizer, soybean has the largest demand for nitrogen fertilizer in the middle period, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is large in the early period. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium should be applied as early as possible, and it is better to use basal fertilizer.

Summer soybean cultivation mostly uses wheat as the former crop. In order to compete for time, most of the plots are too late to be tilled and planted, which brings difficulties to soybean base fertilizers. In this case, soybeans should be combined with cultivating, weeding and soil fertilization. Generally, Sanyuan compound fertilizer is applied before flowering. The amount of soybean should be appropriately increased or decreased according to the amount of fertilization and fertility of the previous crop. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied at one time. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in two separate applications. It is applied at 1/3 of the seedling stage and 2/3 at the flowering stage. After the flowering period due to the difficulty of operation, the later defertilization was mainly foliar fertilization. Foliar fertilizer can be used per acre of ammonium diphosphate 1 kg or urea 1 kg plus superphosphate 1.5 kg (superphosphate to pre-soak 24 hours after filtration and then spray), water 50 to 60 kg; or 0.3% dihydrogen phosphate The mixture of potassium and 0.2% urea, 50 kg per mu, began spraying on sunny evenings from the scab, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and sprayed 2 to 3 times.

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