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Soil Deterioration and Treatment in Vegetable Fields
I. Causes of deterioration 1. Soil consolidation due to heavy use of chemical fertilizers, neglect of the application of organic fertilizers, certain declines in soil fertility, lack of organic matter, reduced air permeability, decreased aerobic microbial activity, slow soil ripening, soil compaction, The roots of vegetables are stunted and affect the growth of vegetables. 2. After salinization aggravates the excessive application of chemical fertilizer, the increase of salt ion in the soil increases the ph value. Increase soil salinization, hinder normal root water absorption and affect plant growth. 3, trace elements lack continuous crop of vegetables for many years, absorb the soil of zinc, boron, molybdenum, copper, manganese and other trace elements, and no additional application of trace fertilizer, resulting in the gradual reduction of trace elements in the soil, so a serious lack of trace elements, affecting vegetables The growth and development. 4, shallow layer of live soil more than the implementation of the interlocking intercropping, multi-purpose manual planting, did not use cattle plow deep turn, shallow living soil, limiting the root extension. 5. Continuous cropping of pests and diseases one season after another will increase the accumulation of pathogens and pests in the soil, and increase the damage caused by pests and diseases. The root system will therefore be damaged and rot, and even the whole plant will die. Due to serious diseases and insect pests and increased use of pesticides, vegetables are contaminated. Second, governance methods 1, rotation for a piece of land not to be a kind of vegetable species every year season, can rotate for another species of vegetable varieties, such as melons and onions rotation, can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, reduce toxins Poisoning effect, and the onion and garlic can absorb a large amount of fertilizer elements of melon absorption, make full use of fertility. 2. After organic manure is applied, organic manure will form a kind of organic colloidal humus after the application of organic manure. It will improve the structure of soil aggregates, increase the permeability of the soil, and retain the water, fertilizer, and heat storage capacity, loosen and fertilize the soil and relieve the soil. Salinization promotes the development of vegetable roots and improves their resistance to disease and disease. 3, after appropriate leisure and planting for many years, you can grasp the season, appropriate leisure, such as open-air vegetable gardens can be used during winter leisure deep-lying sun soil, eliminate pests and diseases, restore the soil. 4, the application of trace fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer base fertilizer or top dressing application, to supplement the content of soil, such as base fertilizer zinc fertilizer (zinc sulfate) Mushi 1-1.5 kg, boron fertilizer (borax) Mushi 0.3- 0.5 kg, molybdenum fertilizer (ammonium molybdate) Mushi 0.1-0.2 kg, copper fertilizer (copper sulfate) Mushi 1-2 kg, manganese fertilizer (manganese sulfate) 2-3 kg. If it is used as top dressing fertilizer (foliar application fertilizer), zinc sulfate can be used in 0.05%-0.2% concentration, borax can be used in 0.1%-0.25% concentration, ammonium molybdate can be used in 0.02%-0.05% concentration, and copper sulfate can be used in 0.02%-0.05% Concentration, manganese sulfate 0.1-0.2 concentration, to meet the needs of vegetable production of trace elements. 5. Deep-turning land should be used for deep ploughing at each planting time for each vegetable planting. If the planting can't be ploughed with cattle plowing, it can also be used to dig and dig the land deeply, thicken the mature soil layer, and enhance the ability of the soil to store water and retain fertilizer. It is good for vegetable growth.